CographeUn cographe est, en théorie des graphes, un graphe qui peut être généré par complémentation et union disjointe à partir du graphe à un nœud. La plupart des problèmes algorithmiques peuvent être résolus sur cette classe en temps polynomial, et même linaire, du fait de ses propriétés structurelles. Cette famille de graphe a été introduite par plusieurs auteurs indépendamment dans les années 1970 sous divers noms, notamment D*-graphes, hereditary Dacey graphs et 2-parity graphs.
Densité d'un grapheEn mathématiques, et plus particulièrement en théorie des graphes, on peut associer à tout graphe un entier appelé densité du graphe. Ce paramètre mesure si le graphe a beaucoup d'arêtes ou peu. Un graphe dense (dense graph) est un graphe dans lequel le nombre d'arêtes (ou d'arcs) est proche du nombre maximal, par exemple un nombre quadratique par rapport au nombre de sommets. Un graphe creux (sparse graph) a au contraire peu d'arêtes, par exemple un nombre linéaire. La distinction entre graphe creux et dense est plutôt vague et dépend du contexte.
Circular-arc graphIn graph theory, a circular-arc graph is the intersection graph of a set of arcs on the circle. It has one vertex for each arc in the set, and an edge between every pair of vertices corresponding to arcs that intersect. Formally, let be a set of arcs. Then the corresponding circular-arc graph is G = (V, E) where and A family of arcs that corresponds to G is called an arc model. demonstrated the first polynomial recognition algorithm for circular-arc graphs, which runs in time.
Implicit graphIn the study of graph algorithms, an implicit graph representation (or more simply implicit graph) is a graph whose vertices or edges are not represented as explicit objects in a computer's memory, but rather are determined algorithmically from some other input, for example a computable function. The notion of an implicit graph is common in various search algorithms which are described in terms of graphs. In this context, an implicit graph may be defined as a set of rules to define all neighbors for any specified vertex.
Hereditary propertyIn mathematics, a hereditary property is a property of an object that is inherited by all of its subobjects, where the meaning of subobject depends on the context. These properties are particularly considered in topology and graph theory, but also in set theory. In topology, a topological property is said to be hereditary if whenever a topological space has that property, then so does every subspace of it. If the latter is true only for closed subspaces, then the property is called weakly hereditary or closed-hereditary.
Geometric graph theoryGeometric graph theory in the broader sense is a large and amorphous subfield of graph theory, concerned with graphs defined by geometric means. In a stricter sense, geometric graph theory studies combinatorial and geometric properties of geometric graphs, meaning graphs drawn in the Euclidean plane with possibly intersecting straight-line edges, and topological graphs, where the edges are allowed to be arbitrary continuous curves connecting the vertices; thus, it can be described as "the theory of geometric and topological graphs" (Pach 2013).
