Lipoprotéine de basse densitéLes lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL, pour l'anglais low-density lipoprotein) sont un groupe de lipoprotéines de types et de tailles variables ( de diamètre). Leur fonction est de transporter le cholestérol, libre ou estérifié, dans le sang et à travers le corps pour l'apporter aux cellules. Les LDL sont produites par le foie à partir des lipoprotéines de très basse densité (ou VLDL, ). Elles portent des apolipoprotéines B-100, une monocouche de phospholipides, des triglycérides et des vitamines liposolubles antioxydantes (vitamine E et caroténoïdes).
Unsaturated fatAn unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. A fatty acid chain is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond. A saturated fat has no carbon to carbon double bonds, so the maximum possible number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons, and is "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. To form carbon to carbon double bonds, hydrogen atoms are removed from the carbon chain.
Entropy (energy dispersal)In thermodynamics, the interpretation of entropy as a measure of energy dispersal has been exercised against the background of the traditional view, introduced by Ludwig Boltzmann, of entropy as a quantitative measure of disorder. The energy dispersal approach avoids the ambiguous term 'disorder'. An early advocate of the energy dispersal conception was Edward A. Guggenheim in 1949, using the word 'spread'. In this alternative approach, entropy is a measure of energy dispersal or spread at a specific temperature.
