Coastal sediment supplyCoastal sediment supply is the transport of sediment to the beach environment by both fluvial and aeolian transport. While aeolian transport plays a role in the overall sedimentary budget for the coastal environment, it is paled in comparison to the fluvial supply which makes up 95% of sediment entering the ocean. When sediment reaches the coast it is then entrained by longshore drift and littoral cells until it is accreted upon the beach or dunes. While it is acknowledged that storm systems are the driver behind coastal erosion.
Pelagic sedimentPelagic sediment or pelagite is a fine-grained sediment that accumulates as the result of the settling of particles to the floor of the open ocean, far from land. These particles consist primarily of either the microscopic, calcareous or siliceous shells of phytoplankton or zooplankton; clay-size siliciclastic sediment; or some mixture of these. Trace amounts of meteoric dust and variable amounts of volcanic ash also occur within pelagic sediments.
Gulf StreamLe Gulf Stream (hydronyme anglais qui signifie littéralement en français : « Courant du Golfe » en référence au golfe du Mexique) est un courant océanique chaud de surface prenant sa source entre la Floride et les Bahamas, le long de la côte est des États-Unis et qui se disperse dans l'océan Atlantique quelque part au large de la Nouvelle-Écosse et de Terre-Neuve tout en se prolongeant par d'autres courants marins.
Echo soundingEcho sounding or depth sounding is the use of sonar for ranging, normally to determine the depth of water (bathymetry). It involves transmitting acoustic waves into water and recording the time interval between emission and return of a pulse; the resulting time of flight, along with knowledge of the speed of sound in water, allows determining the distance between sonar and target. This information is then typically used for navigation purposes or in order to obtain depths for charting purposes.
Manche (mer)vignette|La Manche est classiquement divisée en trois grands secteurs : Manche occidentale, centrale et Manche orientale. La Manche (en anglais English Channel, en breton Mor Breizh, en normand Maunche, en cornique Mor Bretannek, en gallois Môr Udd, en néerlandais Het Kanaal) est une mer épicontinentale de l'océan Atlantique, située dans le nord-ouest de l'Europe et qui s'étend sur une superficie d'environ et sépare la France du Royaume-Uni ; longue d'environ , large de à son extrémité ouest, de à son extrémité est et profonde de en son point le plus profond avec une valeur moyenne de .
Bathymetric chartA bathymetric chart is a type of isarithmic map that depicts the submerged topography and physiographic features of ocean and sea bottoms. Their primary purpose is to provide detailed depth contours of ocean topography as well as provide the size, shape and distribution of underwater features. Topographic maps display elevation above ground and are complementary to bathymetric charts. Charts use a series of lines and points at equal intervals to showcase depth or elevation.
Multibeam echosounderA multibeam echosounder (MBES) is a type of sonar that is used to map the seabed. It emits acoustic waves in a fan shape beneath its transceiver. The time it takes for the sound waves to reflect off the seabed and return to the receiver is used to calculate the water depth. Unlike other sonars and echo sounders, MBES uses beamforming to extract directional information from the returning soundwaves, producing a swathe of depth soundings from a single ping.
