Infarctus du myocardevignette|Infarctus de la région inférieure du myocarde : en rouge sombre, la zone nécrosée de la paroi du muscle cardiaque. L'infarctus du myocarde (IDM étant une abréviation courante) est une nécrose (mort de cellules) d'une partie du muscle cardiaque secondaire due à un défaut d'apport sanguin (ischémie) dans le cadre de la maladie coronarienne. En langage courant, on l'appelle le plus souvent une « crise cardiaque » ou simplement infarctus.
Insuffisance rénaleKidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney failure, which develops slowly and can often be irreversible. Symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, and confusion.
CœurLe cœur est un organe musculaire creux qui assure la circulation sanguine en pompant le sang vers les vaisseaux sanguins et les cavités du corps à travers des contractions rythmiques. L'adjectif cardiaque veut dire « qui a un rapport avec le cœur » ; il vient du grec kardia (καρδία) « cœur » , et de la racine indo-européenne ḱḗr (« entrailles »). Fichier:Heart left ventricular outflow track.jpg|Coupe frontale du ventricule gauche du cœur humain. Fichier:Le Cœur Humaine avec des Annotations.
Cardiac imagingCardiac imaging refers to minimally invasive imaging of the heart using ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or nuclear medicine (NM) imaging with PET or SPECT. These cardiac techniques are otherwise referred to as echocardiography, Cardiac MRI, Cardiac CT, Cardiac PET and Cardiac SPECT including myocardial perfusion imaging. A physician may recommend cardiac imaging to support a diagnosis of a heart condition.
DiastoleLa diastole (du grec διαστολή qui signifie expansion) est la période au cours de laquelle le cœur se relâche après s'être contracté. On parle de diastole ventriculaire quand les ventricules se relâchent, et de diastole auriculaire ou atriale lorsque les atriums (lat. atria) - les oreillettes - se relâchent. Au repos, le temps de diastole du cœur est d'environ 0,49 seconde. La diastole comporte quatre phases, soit la relaxation isovolumétrique, le remplissage rapide, la diastase et la contraction auriculaire.
CryoablationCryoablation is a process that uses extreme cold to destroy tissue. Cryoablation is performed using hollow needles (cryoprobes) through which cooled, thermally conductive, fluids are circulated. Cryoprobes are positioned adjacent to the target in such a way that the freezing process will destroy the diseased tissue. Once the probes are in place, the attached cryogenic freezing unit removes heat from ("cools") the tip of the probe and by extension from the surrounding tissues.
AfterloadAfterload is the pressure that the heart must work against to eject blood during systole (ventricular contraction). Afterload is proportional to the average arterial pressure. As aortic and pulmonary pressures increase, the afterload increases on the left and right ventricles respectively. Afterload changes to adapt to the continually changing demands on an animal's cardiovascular system. Afterload is proportional to mean systolic blood pressure and is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
Ventricular remodelingIn cardiology, ventricular remodeling (or cardiac remodeling) refers to changes in the size, shape, structure, and function of the heart. This can happen as a result of exercise (physiological remodeling) or after injury to the heart muscle (pathological remodeling). The injury is typically due to acute myocardial infarction (usually transmural or ST segment elevation infarction), but may be from a number of causes that result in increased pressure or volume, causing pressure overload or volume overload (forms of strain) on the heart.
Cardiomyopathie hypertrophiqueUne cardiomyopathie hypertrophique ou CMH (en anglais, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ou HCM) est une forme de cardiomyopathie (littéralement, « maladie du muscle cardiaque ») dans laquelle il existe une hypertrophie d'une partie plus ou moins importante du muscle cardiaque, c'est-à-dire une augmentation globale du poids de ce dernier. Dans cette maladie, la structure normale du tissu musculaire cardiaque est perturbée et entraîne également, outre les perturbations liées à l'hypertrophie myocardique, des perturbations des fonctions électriques du cœur.
Sténose aortiqueAortic stenosis (AS or AoS) is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart (where the aorta begins), such that problems result. It may occur at the aortic valve as well as above and below this level. It typically gets worse over time. Symptoms often come on gradually with a decreased ability to exercise often occurring first. If heart failure, loss of consciousness, or heart related chest pain occur due to AS the outcomes are worse. Loss of consciousness typically occurs with standing or exercising.
