Simple linear regressionIn statistics, simple linear regression is a linear regression model with a single explanatory variable. That is, it concerns two-dimensional sample points with one independent variable and one dependent variable (conventionally, the x and y coordinates in a Cartesian coordinate system) and finds a linear function (a non-vertical straight line) that, as accurately as possible, predicts the dependent variable values as a function of the independent variable. The adjective simple refers to the fact that the outcome variable is related to a single predictor.
Arrêt cardiorespiratoirevignette|Réanimation cœur-poumon sur un mannequin, durant des entraînements. L'arrêt cardiorespiratoire (ACR) est l'arrêt de la circulation du sang et de la respiration chez un individu. Actuellement, le terme utilisé est plutôt arrêt cardiaque ou arrêt circulatoire. L'arrêt cardiaque a un pronostic catastrophique mais l'amélioration de celui-ci est principalement dépendant de la mise en place d'une chaîne de soins adaptés (appel des secours via par exemple le 15, le 112 ou le 911) et surtout de la réalisation immédiate par les premiers témoins d'une réanimation adaptée par compressions thoraciques (massage cardiaque) et de la mise en place d'un défibrillateur automatique externe (DAE).
Bayesian multivariate linear regressionIn statistics, Bayesian multivariate linear regression is a Bayesian approach to multivariate linear regression, i.e. linear regression where the predicted outcome is a vector of correlated random variables rather than a single scalar random variable. A more general treatment of this approach can be found in the article MMSE estimator. Consider a regression problem where the dependent variable to be predicted is not a single real-valued scalar but an m-length vector of correlated real numbers.
Linear least squaresLinear least squares (LLS) is the least squares approximation of linear functions to data. It is a set of formulations for solving statistical problems involved in linear regression, including variants for ordinary (unweighted), weighted, and generalized (correlated) residuals. Numerical methods for linear least squares include inverting the matrix of the normal equations and orthogonal decomposition methods. The three main linear least squares formulations are: Ordinary least squares (OLS) is the most common estimator.
Least-angle regressionIn statistics, least-angle regression (LARS) is an algorithm for fitting linear regression models to high-dimensional data, developed by Bradley Efron, Trevor Hastie, Iain Johnstone and Robert Tibshirani. Suppose we expect a response variable to be determined by a linear combination of a subset of potential covariates. Then the LARS algorithm provides a means of producing an estimate of which variables to include, as well as their coefficients.
Data transformation (statistics)In statistics, data transformation is the application of a deterministic mathematical function to each point in a data set—that is, each data point zi is replaced with the transformed value yi = f(zi), where f is a function. Transforms are usually applied so that the data appear to more closely meet the assumptions of a statistical inference procedure that is to be applied, or to improve the interpretability or appearance of graphs. Nearly always, the function that is used to transform the data is invertible, and generally is continuous.
Cardiac pacemakerThe contraction of cardiac muscle (heart muscle) in all animals is initiated by electrical impulses known as action potentials that in the heart are known as cardiac action potentials. The rate at which these impulses fire controls the rate of cardiac contraction, that is, the heart rate. The cells that create these rhythmic impulses, setting the pace for blood pumping, are called pacemaker cells, and they directly control the heart rate. They make up the cardiac pacemaker, that is, the natural pacemaker of the heart.
Régression quantileLes régressions quantiles sont des outils statistiques dont l’objet est de décrire l’impact de variables explicatives sur une variable d’intérêt. Elles permettent une description plus riche que les régressions linéaires classiques, puisqu’elles s’intéressent à l’ensemble de la distribution conditionnelle de la variable d’intérêt et non seulement à la moyenne de celle-ci. En outre, elles peuvent être plus adaptées pour certains types de données (variables censurées ou tronquées, présence de valeurs extrêmes, modèles non linéaires.
Multinomial logistic regressionIn statistics, multinomial logistic regression is a classification method that generalizes logistic regression to multiclass problems, i.e. with more than two possible discrete outcomes. That is, it is a model that is used to predict the probabilities of the different possible outcomes of a categorically distributed dependent variable, given a set of independent variables (which may be real-valued, binary-valued, categorical-valued, etc.).
Hypertrophie ventriculaire gaucheL'hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche (HVG) désigne une affection cardiaque caractérisée par une augmentation de la masse du muscle du ventricule gauche. Les causes secondaires d'HVG sont l'hypertension artérielle, le rétrécissement aortique, l'HVG du grand sportif. Dans ces cas, l'hypertrophie peut être régressive avec le traitement de la cause (ou l'arrêt de l'activité sportive) S'il n'existe pas de cause évidente, on parle alors de cardiomyopathie hypertrophique, souvent d'origine génétique.
