Segmented regressionSegmented regression, also known as piecewise regression or broken-stick regression, is a method in regression analysis in which the independent variable is partitioned into intervals and a separate line segment is fit to each interval. Segmented regression analysis can also be performed on multivariate data by partitioning the various independent variables. Segmented regression is useful when the independent variables, clustered into different groups, exhibit different relationships between the variables in these regions.
Transthoracic echocardiogramA transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is the most common type of echocardiogram, which is a still or moving image of the internal parts of the heart using ultrasound. In this case, the probe (or ultrasonic transducer) is placed on the chest or abdomen of the subject to get various views of the heart. It is used as a non-invasive assessment of the overall health of the heart, including a patient's heart valves and degree of heart muscle contraction (an indicator of the ejection fraction).
Preload (cardiology)In cardiac physiology, preload is the amount of sarcomere stretch experienced by cardiac muscle cells, called cardiomyocytes, at the end of ventricular filling during diastole. Preload is directly related to ventricular filling. As the relaxed ventricle fills during diastole, the walls are stretched and the length of sarcomeres increases. Sarcomere length can be approximated by the volume of the ventricle because each shape has a conserved surface-area-to-volume ratio.
Bruits de Korotkoffvignette|Mesure de la pression artérielle à l'aide de la méthode auscultatoire fondée sur les bruits de Korotkoff. Les bruits de Korotkoff sont les sons entendus par le professionnel de santé qui mesure la pression artérielle grâce à un tensiomètre et un stéthoscope posé sur l'artère brachiale du patient. Ils portent le nom de Nikolaï Korotkov, un médecin russe, qui présente cette méthode en 1905 à l'académie médicale impériale de Saint-Pétersbourg.
Souffle cardiaqueUn souffle cardiaque ou souffle au cœur est un bruit supplémentaire et anormal perçu à l'auscultation cardiaque. Il témoigne de l'existence de turbulences anormales lors du passage du sang au travers d'une valvule ou d'une cloison intra-cardiaque. Par extension on englobe également dans cette appellation les souffles vasculaires naissant dans la portion proche du cœur d'une artère ou d'une veine.
Aortic ruptureAortic rupture is the rupture or breakage of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. Aortic rupture is a rare, extremely dangerous condition. The most common cause is an abdominal aortic aneurysm that has ruptured spontaneously. Aortic rupture is distinct from aortic dissection, which is a tear through the inner wall of the aorta that can block the flow of blood through the aorta to the heart or abdominal organs.
Artère subclavièreLes artères subclavières (appelées sous-clavières dans l'ancienne nomenclature française) sont des artères systémiques amenant du sang oxygéné vers les membres supérieurs. On compte une artère subclavière droite et une subclavière gauche. L’artère subclavière gauche est issue de l'aorte juste à la fin de la crosse de celle-ci. Cette artère se dirige vers le haut, le dehors ; puis elle forme un arc redescendant vers le bas et le dehors après être sortie de la cage thoracique. Elle donne naissance à l'artère axillaire gauche.
Hypertensive emergencyA hypertensive emergency is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of acute damage to one or more organ systems (especially brain, eyes, heart, aorta, or kidneys). It is different from a hypertensive urgency by this additional evidence for impending irreversible hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). Blood pressure is often above 200/120 mmHg, however there are no universally accepted cutoff values. Signs of organ damage are discussed below.
