Stochastic simulationA stochastic simulation is a simulation of a system that has variables that can change stochastically (randomly) with individual probabilities. Realizations of these random variables are generated and inserted into a model of the system. Outputs of the model are recorded, and then the process is repeated with a new set of random values. These steps are repeated until a sufficient amount of data is gathered. In the end, the distribution of the outputs shows the most probable estimates as well as a frame of expectations regarding what ranges of values the variables are more or less likely to fall in.
Efficacité énergétique (économie)En économie, l’efficacité énergétique ou efficience énergétique désigne l'état de fonctionnement d'un système pour lequel la consommation d’énergie est minimisée pour un service rendu identique. C'est un cas particulier de la notion d’efficience. Elle concerne notamment les transports motorisés, les métiers du bâtiment et l'industrie (ces derniers étant responsables respectivement d'environ 40 % et 25 % de la consommation énergétique totale de l'Union européenne).
Design rule checkingIn electronic design automation, a design rule is a geometric constraint imposed on circuit board, semiconductor device, and integrated circuit (IC) designers to ensure their designs function properly, reliably, and can be produced with acceptable yield. Design rules for production are developed by process engineers based on the capability of their processes to realize design intent. Electronic design automation is used extensively to ensure that designers do not violate design rules; a process called design rule checking (DRC).
Instruction set simulatorAn instruction set simulator (ISS) is a simulation model, usually coded in a high-level programming language, which mimics the behavior of a mainframe or microprocessor by "reading" instructions and maintaining internal variables which represent the processor's registers. Instruction simulation is a methodology employed for one of several possible reasons: To simulate the instruction set architecture (ISA) of a future processor to allow software development and test to proceed without waiting for the development and production of the hardware to finish.
Electronic circuit simulationElectronic circuit simulation uses mathematical models to replicate the behavior of an actual electronic device or circuit. Simulation software allows for modeling of circuit operation and is an invaluable analysis tool. Due to its highly accurate modeling capability, many colleges and universities use this type of software for the teaching of electronics technician and electronics engineering programs. Electronics simulation software engages its users by integrating them into the learning experience.
Control tableControl tables are tables that control the control flow or play a major part in program control. There are no rigid rules about the structure or content of a control table—its qualifying attribute is its ability to direct control flow in some way through "execution" by a processor or interpreter. The design of such tables is sometimes referred to as table-driven design (although this typically refers to generating code automatically from external tables rather than direct run-time tables).
High-level verificationHigh-level verification (HLV), or electronic system-level (ESL) verification, is the task to verify ESL designs at high abstraction level, i.e., it is the task to verify a model that represents hardware above register-transfer level (RTL) abstract level. For high-level synthesis (HLS or C synthesis), HLV is to HLS as functional verification is to logic synthesis. Electronic digital hardware design has evolved from low level abstraction at gate level to register transfer level (RTL), the abstraction level above RTL is commonly called high-level, ESL, or behavioral/algorithmic level.
Executable and Linkable FormatELF (Executable and Linkable Format, format exécutable et liable ; anciennement Executable and Linking Format) est un format de fichier binaire utilisé pour l'enregistrement de code compilé (objets, exécutables, bibliothèques de fonctions). Il a été développé par l’USL (Unix System Laboratories) pour remplacer les anciens formats a.out et qui avaient atteint leurs limites. Aujourd'hui, ce format est utilisé dans la plupart des systèmes d'exploitation de type Unix (GNU/Linux, Solaris, IRIX, System V, BSD), à l'exception de Mac OS X.
WebKitWebKit est une bibliothèque logicielle libre permettant aux développeurs d'intégrer facilement un moteur de rendu de pages Web dans leurs logiciels. Elle est disponible sous licence BSD et GNU LGPL. Originellement réservée au système d'exploitation Mac OS X (à partir de la version 10.3 Panther), elle a été portée vers Linux et Windows. Ainsi les portages de WebKit pour les environnements GTK+ et Qt se nomment respectivement WebKitGTK+ et QtWebKit. WebKit est un fork du moteur de rendu KHTML du projet KDE utilisé notamment dans le navigateur Konqueror.
Modulation tout ou rienLa modulation tout ou rien (OOK) est la forme la plus simple de modulation par déplacement d'amplitude (ASK) ; elle représente les données numériques par la présence ou l'absence d'une onde porteuse. Dans sa forme la plus simple, la présence d'une onde porteuse pendant une durée déterminée représente un 1 binaire, tandis que son absence pendant la même durée représente un 0 binaire. Certains schémas plus sophistiqués font varier ces durées pour transmettre des informations supplémentaires.
