Urban planning educationUrban planning education is a practice of teaching and learning urban theory, studies, and professional practices. The interaction between public officials, professional planners and the public involves a continuous education on planning process. Community members often serve on a city planning commission, council or board. As a result, education outreach is effectively an ongoing cycle.
Interprocedural optimizationInterprocedural optimization (IPO) is a collection of compiler techniques used in computer programming to improve performance in programs containing many frequently used functions of small or medium length. IPO differs from other compiler optimizations by analyzing the entire program as opposed to a single function or block of code. IPO seeks to reduce or eliminate duplicate calculations and inefficient use of memory and to simplify iterative sequences such as loops.
Object code optimizerAn object code optimizer, sometimes also known as a post pass optimizer or, for small sections of code, peephole optimizer, forms part of a software compiler. It takes the output from the source language compile step - the object code or - and tries to replace identifiable sections of the code with replacement code that is more algorithmically efficient (usually improved speed). The earliest "COBOL Optimizer" was developed by Capex Corporation in the mid 1970s for COBOL.
Anthropogenic metabolismAnthropogenic metabolism, also referred to as metabolism of the anthroposphere, is a term used in industrial ecology, material flow analysis, and waste management to describe the material and energy turnover of human society. It emerges from the application of systems thinking to the industrial and other man-made activities and it is a central concept of sustainable development. In modern societies, the bulk of anthropogenic (man-made) material flows is related to one of the following activities: sanitation, transportation, habitation, and communication, which were "of little metabolic significance in prehistoric times".
Génération XLa génération X désigne, selon la classification de William Strauss et Neil Howe, le groupe des Occidentaux nés entre 1965 et 1976. D'autres spécialistes la définissent par la période 1961-1981 ou 1962-1971 (compromis entre les définitions d'Olazabal, 2009 ; Hamel, 2003 et 2009 ; Allain, 2008 ; Foot, 1999 et Coupland, 1991). Cette génération est intercalée entre celle des Babyboomeurs et la génération Y. L'expression « génération X » a d’abord été utilisée en démographie, puis en sociologie et en marketing.
Sustainability measurementSustainability measurement is a set of frameworks or indicators to measure how sustainable something is. This includes processes, products, services and businesses. Sustainability is difficult to quantify. It may even be impossible to measure. To measure sustainability, the indicators consider environmental, social and economic domains. The metrics are still evolving. They include indicators, benchmarks and audits. They include sustainability standards and certification systems like Fairtrade and Organic.
Weak and strong sustainabilityAlthough related, sustainable development and sustainability are two different concepts. Weak sustainability is an idea within environmental economics which states that 'human capital' can substitute 'natural capital'. It is based upon the work of Nobel laureate Robert Solow, and John Hartwick. Contrary to weak sustainability, strong sustainability assumes that 'human capital' and 'natural capital' are complementary, but not interchangeable. This idea received more political attention as sustainable development discussions evolved in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Outil à mainUn outil à main est un outil qui est actionné à la main plutôt qu' à l'aide d'un moteur. Catégories d'outils à main comprennent des clés, pinces, cutter, outils de frappe, ciseaux, tournevis, étaux, serre-joint, cisailles, scies, perceuses et couteaux. Les outils d'extérieur tels que les fourches, les sécateurs et les râteaux sont aussi des outils à main. Les outils électroportatifs ne sont pas considérés comme des outils à main. Les outils à main sont utilisés par les humains depuis l'âge de pierre, où les pierres étaient utilisées pour couper et frapper.
Génération AlphaLa génération Alpha est la cohorte démographique qui succède à la génération Z. Les chercheurs et les médias utilisent la fin (31 décembre) des années 2000 comme année de naissance initiale et le début des années 2020 comme année de naissance finale. Nommée d'après la première lettre de l'alphabet grec, la génération Alpha est la première à être née entièrement au XXIe siècle. La plupart des membres de la génération Alpha sont les enfants des milléniaux.
Industrial metabolismIndustrial metabolism is a concept to describe the material and energy turnover of industrial systems. It was proposed by Robert Ayres in analogy to the biological metabolism as "the whole integrated collection of physical processes that convert raw materials and energy, plus labour, into finished products and wastes..." In analogy to the biological concept of metabolism, which is used to describe the whole of chemical reactions in, for example, a cell to maintain its functions and reproduce itself, the concept of industrial metabolism describes the chemical reactions, transport processes, and manufacturing activities in industry.
