Nombre algébriqueUn nombre algébrique, en mathématiques, est un nombre complexe solution d'une équation polynomiale à coefficients dans le corps des rationnels (autrement dit racine d'un polynôme non nul à coefficients rationnels). Les nombres entiers et rationnels sont algébriques, ainsi que toutes les racines de ces nombres. Les nombres complexes qui ne sont pas algébriques, comme π et e (théorème de Lindemann-Weierstrass), sont dits transcendants. L'étude de ces nombres, de leurs polynômes minimaux et des corps qui les contiennent fait partie de la théorie de Galois.
Error analysis (mathematics)In mathematics, error analysis is the study of kind and quantity of error, or uncertainty, that may be present in the solution to a problem. This issue is particularly prominent in applied areas such as numerical analysis and statistics. In numerical simulation or modeling of real systems, error analysis is concerned with the changes in the output of the model as the parameters to the model vary about a mean. For instance, in a system modeled as a function of two variables Error analysis deals with the propagation of the numerical errors in and (around mean values and ) to error in (around a mean ).
F(R) gravityDISPLAYTITLE:f(R) gravity () is a type of modified gravity theory which generalizes Einstein's general relativity. () gravity is actually a family of theories, each one defined by a different function, , of the Ricci scalar, . The simplest case is just the function being equal to the scalar; this is general relativity. As a consequence of introducing an arbitrary function, there may be freedom to explain the accelerated expansion and structure formation of the Universe without adding unknown forms of dark energy or dark matter.
