Valgus deformityA valgus deformity is a condition in which the bone segment distal to a joint is angled outward, that is, angled laterally, away from the body's midline. The opposite deformation, where the twist or angulation is directed medially, toward the center of the body, is called varus. Common causes of valgus knee (genu valgum or "knock-knee") in adults include arthritis of the knee and traumatic injuries. Rheumatoid knee commonly presents as valgus knee. Osteoarthritis knee may also sometimes present with valgus deformity though varus deformity is common.
PerceuseUne perceuse ou foreuse est un outil qui sert à percer des trous dans différents matériaux à l'aide de forets. Les perceuses modernes sont l'aboutissement de plusieurs siècles de technologie. Les vilebrequins sont apparus dans les ateliers de menuisiers et chez les charpentiers vers le . Les perceuses manuelles à engrenage datent du , et c'est vers la fin du que sont apparues les premières perceuses électriques. vignette|redresse|Perceuse manuelle ou chignole. vignette|redresse|Perceuse artisanale.
Plica syndromePlica syndrome is a condition that occurs when a plica (a vestigial extension of the protective synovial capsule of usually the knee) becomes irritated, enlarged, or inflamed. This inflammation is typically caused by the plica being caught on the femur, or pinched between the femur and the patella. The most common location of plica tissue is along the medial (inside) side of the knee. The plica can tether the patella to the femur, be located between the femur and patella, or be located along the femoral condyle.
OstéolyseL'ostéolyse est une destruction du tissu osseux. Elle peut être normale et physiologique (liée au renouvellement continu du tissu osseux, compensée par une re-formation osseuse par les ostéocytes). L'ostéolyse peut aussi être excessive, entrainant alors une fragilité osseuse (hyperparathyroïdie, maladie osseuse de Paget, myélome multiple), certains cancers (appelés tumeurs ostéolytiques) et leurs métastases comme le cancer du sein, et s'accompagner d'une hypercalcémie).
Meniscus (anatomy)A meniscus is a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous anatomical structure that, in contrast to an articular disc, only partly divides a joint cavity. In humans they are present in the knee, wrist, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints; in other animals they may be present in other joints. Generally, the term "meniscus" is used to refer to the cartilage of the knee, either to the lateral or medial meniscus. Both are cartilaginous tissues that provide structural integrity to the knee when it undergoes tension and torsion.
NonunionNonunion is permanent failure of healing following a broken bone unless intervention (such as surgery) is performed. A fracture with nonunion generally forms a structural resemblance to a fibrous joint, and is therefore often called a "false joint" or pseudoarthrosis (from Greek pseudo-, meaning false, and arthrosis, meaning joint). The diagnosis is generally made when there is no healing between two sets of medical imaging, such as X-ray or CT scan. This is generally after 6–8 months.
Artificial skinArtificial skin is a collagen scaffold that induces regeneration of skin in mammals such as humans. The term was used in the late 1970s and early 1980s to describe a new treatment for massive burns. It was later discovered that treatment of deep skin wounds in adult animals and humans with this scaffold induces regeneration of the dermis. It has been developed commercially under the name Integra and is used in massively burned patients, during plastic surgery of the skin, and in treatment of chronic skin wounds.
