Mesure (mathématiques)En mathématiques, une mesure positive (ou simplement mesure quand il n'y a pas de risque de confusion) est une fonction qui associe une grandeur numérique à certains sous-ensembles d'un ensemble donné. Il s'agit d'un important concept en analyse et en théorie des probabilités. Intuitivement, la mesure d'un ensemble ou sous-ensemble est similaire à la notion de taille, ou de cardinal pour les ensembles discrets. Dans ce sens, la mesure est une généralisation des concepts de longueur, aire ou volume dans des espaces de dimension 1, 2 ou 3 respectivement.
Perception de la paroleLa perception de la parole est le processus par lequel les humains sont capables d'interpréter et de comprendre les sons utilisés dans le langage. L'étude de la perception de la parole est reliée aux champs de la phonétique, de phonologie en linguistique, de psychologie cognitive et de perception en psychologie. Les recherches dans ce domaine essaient de comprendre comment les auditeurs humains reconnaissent les phonèmes (sons de la paroles) ou autres sons tels que la syllabe ou les rimes, et utilisent cette information pour comprendre le langage parlé.
Mesure de RadonIn mathematics (specifically in measure theory), a Radon measure, named after Johann Radon, is a measure on the σ-algebra of Borel sets of a Hausdorff topological space X that is finite on all compact sets, outer regular on all Borel sets, and inner regular on open sets. These conditions guarantee that the measure is "compatible" with the topology of the space, and most measures used in mathematical analysis and in number theory are indeed Radon measures.
Speech codingSpeech coding is an application of data compression to digital audio signals containing speech. Speech coding uses speech-specific parameter estimation using audio signal processing techniques to model the speech signal, combined with generic data compression algorithms to represent the resulting modeled parameters in a compact bitstream. Common applications of speech coding are mobile telephony and voice over IP (VoIP).
Ingénieur du sonLe terme ingénieur du son est un terme générique qui peut s'appliquer à des métiers différents, avec des qualifications spécifiques. L'ingénieur du son a pour fonction d'assurer la gestion du son dans différents secteurs d'activité : cinéma (nommé généralement chef-opérateur du son) ; musique ; radio ; télévision ; sonorisation (concerts) ; spectacle vivant ; jeu vidéo. Un ingénieur du son conçoit, fabrique et opère les outils de captation et d'enregistrement pour enregistrer et mixer des programmes sonores aux moyens de machines réelles et virtuelles.
Audio signalAn audio signal is a representation of sound, typically using either a changing level of electrical voltage for analog signals, or a series of binary numbers for digital signals. Audio signals have frequencies in the audio frequency range of roughly 20 to 20,000 Hz, which corresponds to the lower and upper limits of human hearing. Audio signals may be synthesized directly, or may originate at a transducer such as a microphone, musical instrument pickup, phonograph cartridge, or tape head.
Equivalence (measure theory)In mathematics, and specifically in measure theory, equivalence is a notion of two measures being qualitatively similar. Specifically, the two measures agree on which events have measure zero. Let and be two measures on the measurable space and let and be the sets of -null sets and -null sets, respectively.
Language processing in the brainIn psycholinguistics, language processing refers to the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how such communications are processed and understood. Language processing is considered to be a uniquely human ability that is not produced with the same grammatical understanding or systematicity in even human's closest primate relatives. Throughout the 20th century the dominant model for language processing in the brain was the Geschwind-Lichteim-Wernicke model, which is based primarily on the analysis of brain-damaged patients.
Visual temporal attentionVisual temporal attention is a special case of visual attention that involves directing attention to specific instant of time. Similar to its spatial counterpart visual spatial attention, these attention modules have been widely implemented in video analytics in computer vision to provide enhanced performance and human interpretable explanation of deep learning models.
Audio system measurementsAudio system measurements are a means of quantifying system performance. These measurements are made for several purposes. Designers take measurements so that they can specify the performance of a piece of equipment. Maintenance engineers make them to ensure equipment is still working to specification, or to ensure that the cumulative defects of an audio path are within limits considered acceptable. Audio system measurements often accommodate psychoacoustic principles to measure the system in a way that relates to human hearing.
