Signal logiqueUn signal logique est un signal physique qui ne peut prendre que 2 valeurs, un niveau haut (en anglais "high" = "H"), et un niveau bas (en anglais "low" = "L"). Dans les ordinateurs et d'autres systèmes numériques, une forme d'onde qui alterne entre deux niveaux de tension représentant les deux états d'une valeur booléenne (0 et 1) est désigné comme un signal logique. Pour tout ce qui concerne la logique combinatoire ces deux niveaux suffisent.
Théorème de Shannon-HartleyEn théorie de l'information, le théorème de Shannon-Hartley indique le débit maximal auquel l'information peut être transmise sur un canal de communication d'une bande passante spécifiée en présence de bruit. Il s'agit d'une application du théorème du codage de canal au cas archétypal du canal de communication analogique à temps continu soumis à un bruit gaussien.
Open-source softwareOpen-source software (OSS) is computer software that is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to use, study, change, and distribute the software and its source code to anyone and for any purpose. Open-source software may be developed in a collaborative, public manner. Open-source software is a prominent example of open collaboration, meaning any capable user is able to participate online in development, making the number of possible contributors indefinite.
Error exponentIn information theory, the error exponent of a channel code or source code over the block length of the code is the rate at which the error probability decays exponentially with the block length of the code. Formally, it is defined as the limiting ratio of the negative logarithm of the error probability to the block length of the code for large block lengths. For example, if the probability of error of a decoder drops as , where is the block length, the error exponent is . In this example, approaches for large .
Open-source software developmentOpen-source software development (OSSD) is the process by which open-source software, or similar software whose source code is publicly available, is developed by an open-source software project. These are software products available with its source code under an open-source license to study, change, and improve its design. Examples of some popular open-source software products are Mozilla Firefox, Google Chromium, Android, LibreOffice and the VLC media player. In 1997, Eric S. Raymond wrote The Cathedral and the Bazaar.
Climate as complex networksThe field of complex networks has emerged as an important area of science to generate novel insights into nature of complex systems The application of network theory to climate science is a young and emerging field. To identify and analyze patterns in global climate, scientists model climate data as complex networks. Unlike most real-world networks where nodes and edges are well defined, in climate networks, nodes are identified as the sites in a spatial grid of the underlying global climate data set, which can be represented at various resolutions.
