Sélection de caractéristiqueLa sélection de caractéristique (ou sélection d'attribut ou de variable) est un processus utilisé en apprentissage automatique et en traitement de données. Il consiste, étant donné des données dans un espace de grande dimension, à trouver un sous-sensemble de variables pertinentes. C'est-à-dire que l'on cherche à minimiser la perte d'information venant de la suppression de toutes les autres variables. C'est une méthode de réduction de la dimensionnalité. Extraction de caractéristique Catégorie:Apprentissage
Détection d'objetthumb|Détection de visage avec la méthode de Viola et Jones. En vision par ordinateur on désigne par détection d'objet (ou classification d'objet) une méthode permettant de détecter la présence d'une instance (reconnaissance d'objet) ou d'une classe d'objets dans une . Une attention particulière est portée à la détection de visage et la détection de personne. Ces méthodes font souvent appel à l'apprentissage supervisé et ont des applications dans de multiples domaines, tels la ou la vidéo surveillance.
Feature (computer vision)In computer vision and , a feature is a piece of information about the content of an image; typically about whether a certain region of the image has certain properties. Features may be specific structures in the image such as points, edges or objects. Features may also be the result of a general neighborhood operation or feature detection applied to the image. Other examples of features are related to motion in image sequences, or to shapes defined in terms of curves or boundaries between different image regions.
Corner detectionCorner detection is an approach used within computer vision systems to extract certain kinds of features and infer the contents of an image. Corner detection is frequently used in motion detection, , video tracking, image mosaicing, panorama stitching, 3D reconstruction and object recognition. Corner detection overlaps with the topic of interest point detection. A corner can be defined as the intersection of two edges. A corner can also be defined as a point for which there are two dominant and different edge directions in a local neighbourhood of the point.
Scale-invariant feature transform[[Fichier:Matching of two images using the SIFT method.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Exemple de mise en correspondance de deux images par la méthode SIFT : des lignes vertes relient entre eux les descripteurs communs à un tableau et une photo de ce même tableau, de moindre qualité, ayant subi des transformations. |Exemple de résultat de la comparaison de deux images par la méthode SIFT (Fantasia ou Jeu de la poudre, devant la porte d’entrée de la ville de Méquinez, par Eugène Delacroix, 1832).
Covariance matrixIn probability theory and statistics, a covariance matrix (also known as auto-covariance matrix, dispersion matrix, variance matrix, or variance–covariance matrix) is a square matrix giving the covariance between each pair of elements of a given random vector. Any covariance matrix is symmetric and positive semi-definite and its main diagonal contains variances (i.e., the covariance of each element with itself). Intuitively, the covariance matrix generalizes the notion of variance to multiple dimensions.
Connected-component labelingConnected-component labeling (CCL), connected-component analysis (CCA), blob extraction, region labeling, blob discovery, or region extraction is an algorithmic application of graph theory, where subsets of connected components are uniquely labeled based on a given heuristic. Connected-component labeling is not to be confused with . Connected-component labeling is used in computer vision to detect connected regions in s, although s and data with higher dimensionality can also be processed.
Feature (machine learning)In machine learning and pattern recognition, a feature is an individual measurable property or characteristic of a phenomenon. Choosing informative, discriminating and independent features is a crucial element of effective algorithms in pattern recognition, classification and regression. Features are usually numeric, but structural features such as strings and graphs are used in syntactic pattern recognition. The concept of "feature" is related to that of explanatory variable used in statistical techniques such as linear regression.
Estimation of covariance matricesIn statistics, sometimes the covariance matrix of a multivariate random variable is not known but has to be estimated. Estimation of covariance matrices then deals with the question of how to approximate the actual covariance matrix on the basis of a sample from the multivariate distribution. Simple cases, where observations are complete, can be dealt with by using the sample covariance matrix.
Sample mean and covarianceThe sample mean (sample average) or empirical mean (empirical average), and the sample covariance or empirical covariance are statistics computed from a sample of data on one or more random variables. The sample mean is the average value (or mean value) of a sample of numbers taken from a larger population of numbers, where "population" indicates not number of people but the entirety of relevant data, whether collected or not. A sample of 40 companies' sales from the Fortune 500 might be used for convenience instead of looking at the population, all 500 companies' sales.
