Error exponentIn information theory, the error exponent of a channel code or source code over the block length of the code is the rate at which the error probability decays exponentially with the block length of the code. Formally, it is defined as the limiting ratio of the negative logarithm of the error probability to the block length of the code for large block lengths. For example, if the probability of error of a decoder drops as , where is the block length, the error exponent is . In this example, approaches for large .
Neural decodingNeural decoding is a neuroscience field concerned with the hypothetical reconstruction of sensory and other stimuli from information that has already been encoded and represented in the brain by networks of neurons. Reconstruction refers to the ability of the researcher to predict what sensory stimuli the subject is receiving based purely on neuron action potentials. Therefore, the main goal of neural decoding is to characterize how the electrical activity of neurons elicit activity and responses in the brain.
Expander codeIn coding theory, expander codes form a class of error-correcting codes that are constructed from bipartite expander graphs. Along with Justesen codes, expander codes are of particular interest since they have a constant positive rate, a constant positive relative distance, and a constant alphabet size. In fact, the alphabet contains only two elements, so expander codes belong to the class of binary codes. Furthermore, expander codes can be both encoded and decoded in time proportional to the block length of the code.
Communication theoryCommunication theory is a proposed description of communication phenomena, the relationships among them, a storyline describing these relationships, and an argument for these three elements. Communication theory provides a way of talking about and analyzing key events, processes, and commitments that together form communication. Theory can be seen as a way to map the world and make it navigable; communication theory gives us tools to answer empirical, conceptual, or practical communication questions.
Redondance (théorie de l'information)En théorie de l’information, la redondance correspond au nombre de bits nécessaires pour transmettre un message auquel on soustrait le nombre de bits correspondant aux informations réellement contenues dans ce même message. Officieusement, la redondance correspond à l’« espace » utilisé mais non occupé pour transmettre certaines données. La compression de données permet de réduire ou d’éliminer la redondance que l’utilisateur ne désire pas conserver, alors que les sommes de contrôle permettent d’ajouter une redondance souhaitée pour les besoins du code correcteur lorsque l’utilisateur communique sur un canal bruyant à capacité limitée.
Communication facilitéeLa communication facilitée ou psychophanie est une méthode sans fondement scientifique conçue dans les années 1980 par Rosemary Crossley, une enseignante australienne, et destinée à améliorer les capacités de communication de personnes handicapées de la parole. En 1989, Douglas Biklen popularise cette méthode aux États-Unis notamment avec des personnes autistes. À partir de cette technique, qu'elle a introduite en France au début des années 1990, l'orthophoniste Anne-Marguerite Vexiau a développé la psychophanie (du grec psyché : âme, et phanein : mettre au jour), son application à un objectif thérapeutique.
Typical setIn information theory, the typical set is a set of sequences whose probability is close to two raised to the negative power of the entropy of their source distribution. That this set has total probability close to one is a consequence of the asymptotic equipartition property (AEP) which is a kind of law of large numbers. The notion of typicality is only concerned with the probability of a sequence and not the actual sequence itself.
