Énergie renouvelableLes énergies renouvelables (parfois abrégées EnR) proviennent de sources d'énergie dont le renouvellement naturel est assez rapide pour qu'elles puissent être considérées comme inépuisables à l'échelle du temps humain. Elles proviennent de phénomènes naturels cycliques ou constants induits par les astres : le Soleil essentiellement pour la chaleur et la lumière qu'il produit, mais aussi l'attraction de la Lune (marées) et la chaleur engendrée par la Terre (géothermie).
Glossary of fuel cell termsThe Glossary of fuel cell terms lists the definitions of many terms used within the fuel cell industry. The terms in this fuel cell glossary may be used by fuel cell industry associations, in education material and fuel cell codes and standards to name but a few. Activation loss See overpotential Adsorption Adsorption is a process that occurs when a gas or liquid solute accumulates on the surface of a solid or a liquid (adsorbent), forming a film of molecules or atoms (the adsorbate).
Stationary fuel-cell applicationsStationary fuel-cell applications (or stationary fuel-cell power systems) are applications for fuel cells that are either connected to the electric grid (distributed generation) to provide supplemental power and as emergency power system for critical areas, or installed as a grid-independent generator for on-site service. In 2012 more than 45,700 fuel-cell systems were shipped all over the world — in residential homes, hospitals, nursing homes, hotels, office buildings, schools, utility power plants.
Énergie éolienneL’énergie éolienne est l'énergie du vent, dont la force motrice (énergie cinétique) est utilisée dans le déplacement de voiliers et autres véhicules ou transformée au moyen d'un dispositif aérogénérateur, comme une éolienne ou un moulin à vent, en une énergie diversement utilisable. L'énergie éolienne est une énergie renouvelable. L'énergie éolienne est une source d'énergie intermittente qui n'est pas produite à la demande, mais selon les conditions météorologiques ; elle nécessite donc des installations de production ou de stockage en remplacement pendant ses périodes d'indisponibilité.
Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicleA hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle (HICEV) is a type of hydrogen vehicle using an internal combustion engine. Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles are different from hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (which use electrochemical use of hydrogen rather than combustion). Instead, the hydrogen internal combustion engine is simply a modified version of the traditional gasoline-powered internal combustion engine. The absence of carbon means that no is produced, which eliminates the main greenhouse gas emission of a conventional petroleum engine.
Load profileIn electrical engineering, a load profile is a graph of the variation in the electrical load versus time. A load profile will vary according to customer type (typical examples include residential, commercial and industrial), temperature and holiday seasons. Power producers use this information to plan how much electricity they will need to make available at any given time. Teletraffic engineering uses a similar load curve. In a power system, a load curve or load profile is a chart illustrating the variation in demand/electrical load over a specific time.
Electric power systemAn electric power system is a network of electrical components deployed to supply, transfer, and use electric power. An example of a power system is the electrical grid that provides power to homes and industries within an extended area. The electrical grid can be broadly divided into the generators that supply the power, the transmission system that carries the power from the generating centers to the load centers, and the distribution system that feeds the power to nearby homes and industries.
Unit commitment problem in electrical power productionThe unit commitment problem (UC) in electrical power production is a large family of mathematical optimization problems where the production of a set of electrical generators is coordinated in order to achieve some common target, usually either matching the energy demand at minimum cost or maximizing revenue from electricity production. This is necessary because it is difficult to store electrical energy on a scale comparable with normal consumption; hence, each (substantial) variation in the consumption must be matched by a corresponding variation of the production.
Fossil fuel power stationA fossil fuel power station is a thermal power station which burns a fossil fuel, such as coal or natural gas, to produce electricity. Fossil fuel power stations have machinery to convert the heat energy of combustion into mechanical energy, which then operates an electrical generator. The prime mover may be a steam turbine, a gas turbine or, in small plants, a reciprocating gas engine. All plants use the energy extracted from the expansion of a hot gas, either steam or combustion gases.
Source de tensionUne source de tension désigne les dispositifs pouvant produire une force électromotrice. Il existe plusieurs types de sources de tension ; les sources de tension stabilisées, les sources de tension symétriques, les sources de tension ajustables. Une source de tension stabilisée est une source de tension qui reste constante quelle que soit la charge appliquée. Une source de tension est représentée par une source de tension et sa résistance série interne. Cette résistance interne peut être en série avec la charge ou en parallèle.
