Plane of rotationIn geometry, a plane of rotation is an abstract object used to describe or visualize rotations in space. The main use for planes of rotation is in describing more complex rotations in four-dimensional space and higher dimensions, where they can be used to break down the rotations into simpler parts. This can be done using geometric algebra, with the planes of rotations associated with simple bivectors in the algebra.
Fibré des repèresEn géométrie différentielle, un fibré des repères est un certain type de fibré principal qui correspond à un fibré vectoriel sur une variété différentielle. Les points du fibré des repères sont les repères linéaires des fibres du fibré vectoriel correspondant. L'exemple le plus commun de fibré des repères est le fibré des repères tangents correspondant au fibré tangent d'une variété différentielle.
Précessionvignette|Phénomène de précession des équinoxes de la Terre. La précession est le nom donné au changement graduel d'orientation de l'axe de rotation d'un objet ou, de façon plus générale, d'un vecteur sous l'action de l'environnement, par exemple, quand un couple lui est appliqué. Ce phénomène est aisément observable avec une toupie, mais tous les objets en rotation peuvent subir la précession. Lors de la précession, l'angle que fait l'axe de rotation ou le vecteur avec une direction donnée reste fixe et est appelé angle de nutation et noté en général .
Rotations and reflections in two dimensionsIn Euclidean geometry, two-dimensional rotations and reflections are two kinds of Euclidean plane isometries which are related to one another. A rotation in the plane can be formed by composing a pair of reflections. First reflect a point P to its image P′ on the other side of line L1. Then reflect P′ to its image P′′ on the other side of line L2. If lines L1 and L2 make an angle θ with one another, then points P and P′′ will make an angle 2θ around point O, the intersection of L1 and L2. I.e.
Distance matrixIn mathematics, computer science and especially graph theory, a distance matrix is a square matrix (two-dimensional array) containing the distances, taken pairwise, between the elements of a set. Depending upon the application involved, the distance being used to define this matrix may or may not be a metric. If there are N elements, this matrix will have size N×N. In graph-theoretic applications, the elements are more often referred to as points, nodes or vertices. In general, a distance matrix is a weighted adjacency matrix of some graph.
Orientation (vector space)The orientation of a real vector space or simply orientation of a vector space is the arbitrary choice of which ordered bases are "positively" oriented and which are "negatively" oriented. In the three-dimensional Euclidean space, right-handed bases are typically declared to be positively oriented, but the choice is arbitrary, as they may also be assigned a negative orientation. A vector space with an orientation selected is called an oriented vector space, while one not having an orientation selected, is called .
Rotation of axes in two dimensionsIn mathematics, a rotation of axes in two dimensions is a mapping from an xy-Cartesian coordinate system to an x′y′-Cartesian coordinate system in which the origin is kept fixed and the x′ and y′ axes are obtained by rotating the x and y axes counterclockwise through an angle . A point P has coordinates (x, y) with respect to the original system and coordinates (x′, y′) with respect to the new system. In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle .
