About similar characteristics of visual perceptual learning and LTP

Perceptual learning is an implicit form of learning which induces long-lasting perceptual enhancements. Perceptual learning shows intriguing characteristics. For example, a minimal number of trials per session is needed for learning and the interleaved presentation of more than one stimulus type can hinder learning. Here, we show that these and other characteristics of perceptual learning are very similar to characteristics of long-term potentiation (LTP), the basic mechanism of memory formation. We outline these characteristics and discuss results of electrophysiological experiments which indirectly link LTP and perceptual learning. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Carl Kristoffer Aberg, Michael Herzog
2012
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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/178389?ln=fr

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Anesthesia prevents auditory perceptual learning

Carl Kristoffer Aberg, Alain Farron, Michael Herzog, Elisa Tartaglia

BACKGROUND: An auditory perceptual learning paradigm was used to investigate whether implicit memories are formed during general anesthesia. METHODS: Eighty-seven patients who had an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I-III and were scheduled to undergo an elective surgery with general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received auditory stimulation during surgery, whereas the other did not. The auditory stimulation consisted of pure tones presented via headphones. The Bispectral Index level was maintained between 40 and 50 during surgery. To assess learning, patients performed an auditory frequency discrimination task after surgery, and comparisons were made between the groups. General anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with a mixture of fentanyl and sevoflurane. RESULTS: There was no difference in the amount of learning between the two groups (mean +/- SD improvement: stimulated patients 9.2 +/- 11.3 Hz, controls 9.4 +/- 14.1 Hz). There was also no difference in initial thresholds (mean +/- SD initial thresholds: stimulated patients 31.1 +/- 33.4 Hz, controls 28.4 +/- 34.2 Hz). These results suggest that perceptual learning was not induced during anesthesia. No correlation between the bispectral index and the initial level of performance was found (Pearson r = -0.09, P = 0.59). CONCLUSION: Perceptual learning was not induced by repetitive auditory stimulation during anesthesia. This result may indicate that perceptual learning requires top-down processing, which is suppressed by the anesthetic.

Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins2009

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Perceptual learning with spatial uncertainties

Michael Herzog, Thomas Otto

In perceptual learning, stimuli are usually assumed to be presented to a constant retinal location during training. However, due to tremor, drift, and microsaccades of the eyes, the same stimulus covers different retinal positions on sequential trials. Because of these variations the mathematical decision problem changes from linear to non-linear (). This non-linearity implies three predictions. First, varying the spatial position of a stimulus within a moderate range does not deteriorate perceptual learning. Second, improvement for one stimulus variant can yield negative transfer to other variants. Third, interleaved training with two stimulus variants yields no or strongly diminished learning. Using a bisection task, we found psychophysical evidence for the first and last prediction. However, no negative transfer was found as opposed to the second prediction.

Elsevier2006

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Roving in perceptual learning: stimulus interference and overlapping neural populations

Michael Herzog, Elisa Tartaglia

Performance usually improves when observers train with one type of a visual stimulus. Roving denotes the situation when, instead of one, two or more types of stimuli are presented randomly interleaved (one per trial). For some stimulus types, performance improves also in roving situations whereas for others it does not. To understand when roving impedes perceptual learning, we conducted four experiments. In each experiment, the very same bisection stimulus was randomly interleaved with a different stimulus type. Performance improved when a bisection and a vernier stimulus were randomly interleaved. However, no learning was found when we randomly interleaved this bisection stimulus with another one being twice as long. Based on these results, we propose that roving impedes performance when two stimuli excite strongly overlapping neural populations

Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology2008

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Perceptual learning

Perceptual learning is learning better perception skills such as differentiating two musical tones from one another or categorizations of spatial and temporal patterns relevant to real-world expertise

Apprentissage

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Apprentissage automatique

L'apprentissage automatique (en anglais : machine learning, « apprentissage machine »), apprentissage artificiel ou apprentissage statistique est