Regional transmission organization (North America)A regional transmission organization (RTO) in the United States is an electric power transmission system operator (TSO) that coordinates, controls, and monitors a multi-state electric grid. The transfer of electricity between states is considered interstate commerce, and electric grids spanning multiple states are therefore regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). The voluntary creation of RTOs was initiated by FERC Order No. 2000, issued on December 20, 1999.
Renewable fuelsRenewable Fuels are fuels produced from renewable resources. Examples include: biofuels (e.g. Vegetable oil used as fuel, ethanol, methanol from clean energy and carbon dioxide or biomass, and biodiesel), Hydrogen fuel (when produced with renewable processes), and fully synthetic fuel (also known as electrofuel) produced from ambient carbon dioxide and water. This is in contrast to non-renewable fuels such as natural gas, LPG (propane), petroleum and other fossil fuels and nuclear energy.
Transportation demand managementTransportation demand management, traffic demand management or travel demand management (TDM) is the application of strategies and policies to reduce travel demand, or to redistribute this demand in space or in time. In transport, as in any network, managing demand can be a cost-effective alternative to increasing capacity. A demand management approach to transport also has the potential to deliver better environmental outcomes, improved public health, stronger communities, and more prosperous cities.
Politique énergétique de l'Union européenneLa politique énergétique de l'Union européenne n'existe pas à proprement parler sous forme commune à l'échelle européenne. Cette lacune pose d'autant plus d'interrogations que le secteur énergétique a joué un rôle fondateur dans les premiers pas de la construction européenne (CECA et CEEA respectivement en 1951 et 1957).
Nuclear power in GermanyNuclear power was used in Germany from the 1960s until being phased out in April 2023. German nuclear power began with research reactors in the 1950s and 1960s, with the first commercial plant coming online in 1969. By 1990, nuclear power accounted for about a fourth of the electricity produced in the country. The anti-nuclear movement in Germany has a long history dating back to the early 1970s and intensified following the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.
Forward (finance)Un contrat forward ou forward agreement est un contrat à terme, il est donc considéré comme un produit dérivé. Il s'agit d'un accord d'achat (l'acheteur a une position longue) ou de vente (le vendeur a une position courte) d'un actif à un prix et une date future précisés dans le contrat, il n'y a donc aucun échange monétaire à la signature du contrat. Les contrats forward sont négociés de gré à gré, entre banques et institutions financières alors que les contrats de futures sont négociés sur un marché organisé, localisé à un endroit bien précis.
Long/short equityLong/short equity is an investment strategy generally associated with hedge funds. It involves buying equities that are expected to increase in value and selling short equities that are expected to decrease in value. This is different from the risk reversal strategies where investors will simultaneously buy a call option and sell a put option to simulate being long in a stock. Typically, equity long/short investing is based on "bottom up" fundamental analysis of the individual companies, in which investments are made.
