MétaboliteUn métabolite est un composé organique intermédiaire ou issu du métabolisme. On réserve ce terme en général aux petites molécules et aux monomères, par opposition aux macromolécules. Ainsi, le glucose est un métabolite, contrairement au glycogène, qui est un polysaccharide de poids moléculaire très élevé.
Petite moléculeEn biochimie, une petite molécule est un composé organique de faible masse moléculaire qui par définition n'est pas un polymère. En pharmacologie, ce terme est restreint aux molécules qui ont une forte affinité pour des biopolymères tels que des protéines, les acides nucléiques ou les polysaccharides et modifient leur fonction ou leur activité biologique en se liant à eux. On fixe à environ la borne supérieure de la masse d'une petite molécule, ce qui correspond à la limite en dessous de laquelle les molécules peuvent diffuser à travers la membrane cellulaire pour atteindre leur cible à l'intérieur de la cellule.
Crénonvignette|Crénon de la rivière Wey à Farringdon, Comté de Hampshire (Royaume-Uni) En hydrologie et limnologie, le crénon est la zone des sources et de leurs émissaires comprenant les sources rhéocrènes, les sources limnocrènes et les sources hélocrènes. Il complète le rhithron (partie supérieure des cours d'eau) et le potamon (partie inférieure). La source rhéocrène est une source qui sort directement du sol. La source limnocrène est le résultat du débordement d'un étang. La source hélocrène est issue d'une zone marécageuse.
Animal aquatiqueAn aquatic animal is any animal, whether vertebrate or invertebrate, that lives in water for all or most of its lifetime. Many insects such as mosquitoes, mayflies, dragonflies and caddisflies have aquatic larvae, with winged adults. Aquatic animals may breathe air or extract oxygen from water through specialised organs called gills, or directly through the skin. Natural environments and the animals that live in them can be categorized as aquatic (water) or terrestrial (land). This designation is polyphyletic.
Environmental degradationEnvironmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as quality of air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution. It is defined as any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Environmental concerns can be defined as the negative effects of any human activity on the environment. The biological as well as the physical features of the environment are included.
Open-source softwareOpen-source software (OSS) is computer software that is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to use, study, change, and distribute the software and its source code to anyone and for any purpose. Open-source software may be developed in a collaborative, public manner. Open-source software is a prominent example of open collaboration, meaning any capable user is able to participate online in development, making the number of possible contributors indefinite.
Lac ÉriéLe lac Érié est l'un des cinq Grands Lacs d'Amérique du Nord. Il est bordé à l'est par les États américains de l'Ohio, de Pennsylvanie, de New York au sud, du Michigan à l'ouest et de la province canadienne de l'Ontario au nord. vignette|Glace sur le lac Érié. Janvier 2022. Mesurant de long, d'ouest en est, sur du nord au sud, il s'étend sur et présente de rives. Il est le deuxième plus petit des Grands Lacs (le lac Ontario étant le plus petit), mais néanmoins le naturel du monde. Situé à l'altitude de , il possède un volume de .
Open-source-software movementThe open-source-software movement is a movement that supports the use of open-source licenses for some or all software, as part of the broader notion of open collaboration. The open-source movement was started to spread the concept/idea of open-source software. Programmers who support the open-source-movement philosophy contribute to the open-source community by voluntarily writing and exchanging programming code for software development.
Nonpoint source pollutionNonpoint source (NPS) pollution refers to diffuse contamination (or pollution) of water or air that does not originate from a single discrete source. This type of pollution is often the cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a large area. It is in contrast to point source pollution which results from a single source. Nonpoint source pollution generally results from land runoff, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, drainage, seepage, or hydrological modification (rainfall and snowmelt) where tracing pollution back to a single source is difficult.
Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care productsThe environmental effect of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is being investigated since at least the 1990s. PPCPs include substances used by individuals for personal health or cosmetic reasons and the products used by agribusiness to boost growth or health of livestock. More than twenty million tons of PPCPs are produced every year. The European Union has declared pharmaceutical residues with the potential of contamination of water and soil to be "priority substances".
