Free/Libre Open Source Softwarevignette|320x320px|Capture d'écran d'un bureau avec de multiples logiciels open-source en cours d'exécution: VLC, Firefox, LibreOffice Writer, GIMP, etc. Free and open-source software (F/OSS, FOSS) ou free/libre/open-source software (FLOSS) sont des expressions inclusives, rassemblant à la fois les logiciels libres et les logiciels à code source ouvert, qui malgré des cultures et des philosophies divergentes ont des modèles de développement logiciel similaires.
Java version historyThe Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions of classes and packages to the standard library. Since J2SE 1.4, the evolution of the Java language has been governed by the Java Community Process (JCP), which uses Java Specification Requests (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to the Java platform. The language is specified by the Java Language Specification (JLS); changes to the JLS are managed under JSR 901.
Composant d'interface graphiqueEn informatique, un composant d'interface graphique (aussi appelé widget en anglais ou encore control) est un élément de base d'une interface graphique avec lequel un utilisateur peut interagir (par exemple une fenêtre ou une zone de texte). Ces composants sont généralement regroupés dans des boîtes à outils graphiques (appelées toolkit en anglais). Une fois assemblés par un programmeur, ces composants forment une interface graphique complète. L'appellation control est connotée Microsoft.
History of the graphical user interfaceThe history of the graphical user interface, understood as the use of graphic icons and a pointing device to control a computer, covers a five-decade span of incremental refinements, built on some constant core principles. Several vendors have created their own windowing systems based on independent code, but with basic elements in common that define the WIMP "window, icon, menu and pointing device" paradigm. There have been important technological achievements, and enhancements to the general interaction in small steps over previous systems.
Accélérateur linéairethumb|upright=1.8|Diagramme animé montrant le fonctionnement d'un accélérateur linéaire thumb|Partie d'un accélérateur linéaire situé à Clayton, Victoria, Australie. Un accélérateur linéaire est un dispositif permettant d'accélérer des particules chargées afin de leur fournir une énergie cinétique importante dans le but de produire des réactions avec la matière. Les particules accélérées peuvent être des électrons, des protons, ou bien des ions lourds.
Open sourceOpen source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-source model is a decentralized software development model that encourages open collaboration. A main principle of open-source software development is peer production, with products such as source code, blueprints, and documentation freely available to the public.
Interactions homme-machinethumb|Personne plongée dans la réalité virtuelle grâce à un visiocasque et un gant électronique. thumb|L'interface homme-machine d'un des ordinateurs de bord des missions Apollo. L'interaction Homme-machine (ou interaction humain-machine), appelée IHM, s’intéresse à la conception et au développement de systèmes interactifs en prenant en compte ses impacts sociétaux et éthiques. Les humains interagissent avec les ordinateurs qui les entourent et cette interaction nécessite des interfaces qui facilitent la communication entre l'humain et la machine.
Open-source-software movementThe open-source-software movement is a movement that supports the use of open-source licenses for some or all software, as part of the broader notion of open collaboration. The open-source movement was started to spread the concept/idea of open-source software. Programmers who support the open-source-movement philosophy contribute to the open-source community by voluntarily writing and exchanging programming code for software development.
Interaction techniqueAn interaction technique, user interface technique or input technique is a combination of hardware and software elements that provides a way for computer users to accomplish a single task. For example, one can go back to the previously visited page on a Web browser by either clicking a button, pressing a key, performing a mouse gesture or uttering a speech command. It is a widely used term in human-computer interaction. In particular, the term "new interaction technique" is frequently used to introduce a novel user interface design idea.
Open-source software developmentOpen-source software development (OSSD) is the process by which open-source software, or similar software whose source code is publicly available, is developed by an open-source software project. These are software products available with its source code under an open-source license to study, change, and improve its design. Examples of some popular open-source software products are Mozilla Firefox, Google Chromium, Android, LibreOffice and the VLC media player. In 1997, Eric S. Raymond wrote The Cathedral and the Bazaar.