Publication

Thermal Unfolding of a Mammalian Pentameric Ligand-gated Ion Channel Proceeds at Consecutive, Distinct Steps

Résumé

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) play an important role in fast synaptic signal transduction. Binding of agonists to the beta-sheet-structured extracellular domain opens an ion channel in the transmembrane alpha-helical region of the LGIC. How the structurally distinct and distant domains are functionally coupled for such central transmembrane signaling processes remains an open question. To obtain detailed information about the stability of and the coupling between these different functional domains, we analyzed the thermal unfolding of a homopentameric LGIC, the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (ligand binding, secondary structure, accessibility of Trp and Cys residues, and aggregation), in plasma membranes as well as during detergent extraction, purification, and reconstitution into artificial lipid bilayers. We found a large loss in thermostability correlating with the loss of the lipid bilayer during membrane solubilization and purification. Thermal unfolding of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor occurred in consecutive steps at distinct protein locations. A loss of ligand binding was detected first, followed by formation of different transient low oligomeric states of receptor pentamers, followed by partial unfolding of helical parts of the protein, which finally lead to the formation receptor aggregates. Structural destabilization of the receptor in detergents could be partially reversed by reconstituting the receptor into lipid bilayers. Our results are important because they quantify the stability of LGICs during detergent extraction and purification and can be used to create stabilized receptor proteins for structural and functional studies.

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Concepts associés (36)
Récepteur ionotrope
Un récepteur ionotrope sensible à un ligand est une protéine membranaire qui ouvre un canal ionique grâce à la liaison d'un messager chimique ou neurotransmetteur. Ils sont généralement sélectifs à un type d'ions tels que Na+, K+, Ca2+ ou Cl−. Ils sont localisés au niveau des synapses, où ils convertissent de manière extrêmement rapide un message pré-synaptique chimique (neurotransmetteur) en message post-synaptique électrique. Les récepteurs ionotropes s'opposent aux récepteurs métabotropes, qui eux ne possèdent pas de canaux ioniques.
Bicouche lipidique
upright=1.33|vignette|Représentation d'une bicouche lipidique constituée de phosphoglycérides. Une bicouche lipidique, ou double couche lipidique, est une fine membrane polaire constituée de deux feuillets de molécules de lipides. Ces membranes forment une barrière continue autour des cellules et sont un élément essentiel assurant leur homéostasie, en régulant la diffusion des ions et des molécules à travers elle.
Membrane plasmique
La membrane plasmique, également appelée membrane cellulaire, membrane cytoplasmique, voire plasmalemme, est une membrane biologique séparant l'intérieur d'une cellule, appelé cytoplasme, de son environnement extérieur, c'est-à-dire du milieu extracellulaire. Cette membrane joue un rôle biologique fondamental en isolant la cellule de son environnement.
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