Progress and challenges in industrial fabrication of wafer-fused VCSELs emitting in the 1310 nm band for high speed wavelength division multiplexing applications
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Hill et al. reported for the first time in 1978 the formation of refractive-index gratings in germanium doped silica fibers exposed to UV laser radiation. Since then many studies have been performed on fiber gratings and a widespread range of applications ...
A single failure in a communication network may trigger many alarms. When the communication network uses optical fibres as a transmission medium and increases its capacity by using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and Space Division Multiplexing (SDM ...
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A new optical local area network that combines dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) techniques and coherent transmission benefits is presented. A new multichannel protocol is specified based on Ethernet, using WDM to carry multiple channels on a si ...
High quality InP/InGaAsP Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) are a key element in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSELs) for long wavelength (1.55 mu m) applications [1-3]. Because of the small index difference between InP and InGaAsP, more than 3 ...