Ray tracing (physics)In physics, ray tracing is a method for calculating the path of waves or particles through a system with regions of varying propagation velocity, absorption characteristics, and reflecting surfaces. Under these circumstances, wavefronts may bend, change direction, or reflect off surfaces, complicating analysis. Ray tracing solves the problem by repeatedly advancing idealized narrow beams called rays through the medium by discrete amounts. Simple problems can be analyzed by propagating a few rays using simple mathematics.
Sparse dictionary learningSparse dictionary learning (also known as sparse coding or SDL) is a representation learning method which aims at finding a sparse representation of the input data in the form of a linear combination of basic elements as well as those basic elements themselves. These elements are called atoms and they compose a dictionary. Atoms in the dictionary are not required to be orthogonal, and they may be an over-complete spanning set. This problem setup also allows the dimensionality of the signals being represented to be higher than the one of the signals being observed.
SeeingLe seeing (du verbe anglais to see signifiant « voir »), ou en français la qualité d'image ou la qualité de la visibilité, est une grandeur servant à caractériser la qualité optique du ciel. En pratique, le seeing mesure la turbulence atmosphérique. Avec la transparence du ciel, il est donc un des paramètres utilisés par les astronomes pour mesurer la qualité du ciel et a fortiori des observations astronomiques. Ces deux paramètres dépendent notamment de la température, de la pression, du vent et de l'humidité ainsi que de leurs variations.
