Psychose toxique amphétaminiqueStimulant psychosis is a mental disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms (such as hallucinations, paranoid ideation, delusions, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized behaviour). It involves and typically occurs following an overdose or several day 'binge' on psychostimulants; however, one study reported occurrences at regularly prescribed doses in approximately 0.1% of individuals within the first several weeks after starting amphetamine or methylphenidate therapy.
DextroamphétamineDextroamphetamine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and enantiomer of amphetamine that is prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is also used as an athletic performance and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. The amphetamine molecule exists as two enantiomers, levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Dextroamphetamine is the dextrorotatory, or 'right-handed', enantiomer and exhibits more pronounced effects on the central nervous system than levoamphetamine.
Drug policyA drug policy is the policy regarding the control and regulation of psychoactive substances (commonly referred to as drugs), particularly those that are addictive or cause physical and mental dependence. While drug policies are generally implemented by governments, entities at all levels (from international organisations, national or local government, administrations, or private places) may have specific policies related to drugs.
Réduction des risques liés à la toxicomanieLa réduction des risques liés à la toxicomanie désigne l'ensemble de la politique de réduction des risques liés à la toxicomanie. C'est une politique qui privilégie des stratégies de soin et de prévention afin de limiter les risques sanitaires et sociaux liés à l'usage de psychotropes. Elle est d'abord apparue dans des pays ayant une forte tradition de santé publique comme les Pays-Bas puis la Grande-Bretagne pour se répandre dans les pays occidentaux mais elle reste absente dans le reste du monde.
Abus de substancesL’abus de substances (abus substantiel ou troubles mentaux et du comportement liés à l'utilisation de substances psycho-actives) est l'usage excessif d'une ou plusieurs drogues, c'est-à-dire de substances qui modifient le fonctionnement de l'esprit (psychotropes) et sont considérées comme entraînant une dépendance. Il s'agit en fait de ce qu'on nomme couramment toxicomanie. La psychiatrie considère comme un trouble mental un tel usage pour des effets non-thérapeutiques ou non-médicaux.
Médicament en vente libreUn médicament en vente libre, appelé aussi médicament de comptoir ou médicament OTC (en, littéralement « par-dessus le comptoir »), est un médicament pouvant être vendu sans nécessité de prescription ou d'ordonnance et délivré par un professionnel de la santé. Ce médicament est dit à prescription médicale facultative, c’est-à-dire qu’il peut être prescrit par un médecin ou conseillé par le pharmacien. L'un des plus anciens médicaments vendus sans ordonnance est l'aspirine.
Combination drugA combination drug or a fixed-dose combination (FDC) is a medicine that includes two or more active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. Terms like "combination drug" or "combination drug product" can be common shorthand for an FDC product (since most combination drug products are currently FDCs), although the latter is more precise if in fact referring to a mass-produced product having a predetermined combination of drugs and respective dosages (as opposed to customized polypharmacy via compounding).
Office of National Drug Control PolicyThe Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) is a component of the Executive Office of the President of the United States. The Director of the ONDCP, colloquially known as the Drug Czar, heads the office. "Drug Czar" was a term first used in the media by Richard Nixon in 1971. In addition to running the ONDCP, the director evaluates, coordinates, and oversees both the international and domestic anti-drug efforts of executive branch agencies and ensures that such efforts sustain and complement State and local anti-drug activities.
PsychoticismPsychoticism is one of the three traits used by the psychologist Hans Eysenck in his P–E–N model (psychoticism, extraversion and neuroticism) model of personality. Psychoticism is conceptually similar to the constraint factor in Tellegen's three-factor model of personality. Psychoticism may be divided into narrower traits such as impulsivity and sensation-seeking. These may in turn be further subdivided into even more specific traits. For example, impulsivity may be divided into narrow impulsivity (unthinking responsivity), risk taking, non-planning, and liveliness.
Evolutionary psychiatryEvolutionary psychiatry, also known as Darwinian psychiatry, is a theoretical approach to psychiatry that aims to explain psychiatric disorders in evolutionary terms. As a branch of the field of evolutionary medicine, it is distinct from the medical practice of psychiatry in its emphasis on providing scientific explanations rather than treatments for mental disorder. This often concerns questions of ultimate causation. For example, psychiatric genetics may discover genes associated with mental disorders, but evolutionary psychiatry asks why those genes persist in the population.
