Total dissolved solidsTotal dissolved solids (TDS) is a measure of the dissolved combined content of all inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, ionized, or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form. TDS are often measured in parts per million (ppm). TDS in water can be measured using a digital meter. Generally, the operational definition is that the solids must be small enough to survive filtration through a filter with 2-micrometer (nominal size, or smaller) pores.
Solution (chimie)Une solution, en chimie, est un mélange homogène (constitué d'une seule phase) résultant de la dissolution d'un ou plusieurs soluté(s) (espèce chimique dissoute) dans un solvant. Les molécules (ou les ions) de soluté sont alors solvatées et dispersées dans le solvant. La solution liquide est l'exemple le plus connu. Une solution ayant l'eau comme solvant est appelée solution aqueuse. Il est possible de mettre en solution : un liquide dans un autre : limité par la miscibilité des deux liquides ; un solide dans un liquide : limité par la solubilité du solide dans le solvant, au-delà de laquelle le solide n'est plus dissous.
Walker circulationThe Walker circulation, also known as the Walker cell, is a conceptual model of the air flow in the tropics in the lower atmosphere (troposphere). According to this model, parcels of air follow a closed circulation in the zonal and vertical directions. This circulation, which is roughly consistent with observations, is caused by differences in heat distribution between ocean and land. It was discovered by Gilbert Walker.
Éruption limniqueUne éruption limnique est un type d'éruption volcanique caractérisé par le dégazage brutal d'un lac méromictique qui relargue les gaz volcaniques émis en continu par un volcan et accumulés durant des années dans les couches profondes du lac. Un volcan, même au repos, peut émettre en continu des gaz volcaniques. Lorsqu'un lac se situe au-dessus du point de sortie de ces gaz, comme dans le cas d'un lac de cratère, le gaz se dissout dans l'eau et retourne à l'état gazeux à sa surface.
Inflow (meteorology)Inflow is the flow of a fluid into a large collection of that fluid. Within meteorology, inflow normally refers to the influx of warmth and moisture from air within the Earth's atmosphere into storm systems. Extratropical cyclones are fed by inflow focused along their cold front and warm fronts. Tropical cyclones require a large inflow of warmth and moisture from warm oceans in order to develop significantly, mainly within the lowest of the atmosphere.
Deep chlorophyll maximumThe deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), also called the subsurface chlorophyll maximum, is the region below the surface of water with the maximum concentration of chlorophyll. The DCM generally exists at the same depth as the nutricline, the region of the ocean where the greatest change in the nutrient concentration occurs with depth. A DCM is not always present - sometimes there is more chlorophyll at the surface than at any greater depth - but it is a common feature of most aquatic ecosystems, especially in regions of strong thermal stratification.
Water massAn oceanographic water mass is an identifiable body of water with a common formation history which has physical properties distinct from surrounding water. Properties include temperature, salinity, chemical - isotopic ratios, and other physical quantities which are conservative flow tracers. Water mass is also identified by its non-conservative flow tracers such as silicate, nitrate, oxygen, and phosphate. Water masses are generally distinguished not only by their respective tracers but also by their location in the Worlds' oceans.
