Conflit (sciences sociales)thumb|Dessin d'un conflit interpersonnel. Un conflit, ou situation conflictuelle, est un état d'opposition entre personnes ou entités. Le conflit est chargé d'émotions telles que la colère, la frustration, la peur, la tristesse, la rancune, le dégoût. Parfois, il peut être fait d'agressivité et de violence. Le terme conflit est également utilisé pour décrire un état de contradiction (par exemple contradiction de textes juridiques ou conflit de loi) ou de contre-indications (par exemple l'usage de médicaments par des patients présentant des pathologies particulières) ou d'incompatibilité (systèmes en place mais dont la coexistence dans un même contexte ou dans une même vision n'est pas garantie).
Collaborative mappingCollaborative mapping, also known as citizen mapping, is the aggregation of Web mapping and user-generated content, from a group of individuals or entities, and can take several distinct forms. With the growth of technology for storing and sharing maps, collaborative maps have become competitors to commercial services, in the case of OpenStreetMap, or components of them, as in Google Map Maker Waze and Yandex Map Editor.
Géométrie complexeIn mathematics, complex geometry is the study of geometric structures and constructions arising out of, or described by, the complex numbers. In particular, complex geometry is concerned with the study of spaces such as complex manifolds and complex algebraic varieties, functions of several complex variables, and holomorphic constructions such as holomorphic vector bundles and coherent sheaves. Application of transcendental methods to algebraic geometry falls in this category, together with more geometric aspects of complex analysis.
Variété complexeLes variétés complexes ou plus généralement les sont les objets d'étude de la géométrie analytique complexe. Une variété complexe de dimension n est un espace topologique obtenu par recollement d'ouverts de Cn selon des biholomorphismes, c'est-à-dire des bijections holomorphes. Plus précisément, une variété complexe de dimension n est un espace topologique dénombrable à l'infini (c'est-à-dire localement compact et σ-compact) possédant un atlas de cartes sur Cn, tel que les applications de changement de cartes soient des biholomorphismes.
Organizational conflictOrganizational conflict, or workplace conflict, is a state of discord caused by the actual or perceived opposition of needs, values and interests between people working together. Conflict takes many forms in organizations. There is the inevitable clash between formal authority and power and those individuals and groups affected. There are disputes over how revenues should be divided, how the work should be done, and how long and hard people should work. There are jurisdictional disagreements among individuals, departments, and between unions and management.
Cultural conflictCultural conflict is a type of conflict that occurs when different cultural values and beliefs clash. Broad and narrow definitions exist for the concept, both of which have been used to explain violence (including war) and crime, on either a micro or macro scale. Jonathan H. Turner defines cultural conflict as a conflict caused by "differences in cultural values and beliefs that place people at odds with one another." On a micro level, Alexander Grewe discusses a cultural conflict between guests of different culture and nationality as seen in a British 1970 sitcom, Fawlty Towers.
Théorie du conflitLa théorie du conflit postule que la société ou l'organisation fonctionne de manière antagoniste Ceci contribue aux changements sociaux comme les évolutions politiques ou les révolutions. thumb|150px|Un américain sans toit. thumb|150px|Un américain richissime : John D. Rockefeller Cette théorie est la plupart du temps appliquée en vue d'expliquer le conflit entre les classes sociales, la lutte des classes du prolétariat contre la bourgeoisie ainsi que, pour les idéologies, capitalisme contre socialisme.
Knowledge-based systemsA knowledge-based system (KBS) is a computer program that reasons and uses a knowledge base to solve complex problems. The term is broad and refers to many different kinds of systems. The one common theme that unites all knowledge based systems is an attempt to represent knowledge explicitly and a reasoning system that allows it to derive new knowledge. Thus, a knowledge-based system has two distinguishing features: a knowledge base and an inference engine.
