Urban designUrban design is an approach to the design of buildings and the spaces between them that focuses on specific design processes and outcomes. In addition to designing and shaping the physical features of towns, cities, and regional spaces, urban design considers 'bigger picture' issues of economic, social and environmental value and social design. The scope of a project can range from a local street or public space to an entire city and surrounding areas.
Land-use forecastingLand-use forecasting undertakes to project the distribution and intensity of trip generating activities in the urban area. In practice, land-use models are demand-driven, using as inputs the aggregate information on growth produced by an aggregate economic forecasting activity. Land-use estimates are inputs to the transportation planning process. The discussion of land-use forecasting to follow begins with a review of the Chicago Area Transportation Study (CATS) effort.
Multimodal transportMultimodal transport (also known as combined transport) is the transportation of goods under a single contract, but performed with at least two different modes of transport; the carrier is liable (in a legal sense) for the entire carriage, even though it is performed by several different modes of transport (by rail, sea and road, for example). The carrier does not have to possess all the means of transport, and in practice usually does not; the carriage is often performed by sub-carriers (referred to in legal language as "actual carriers").
AccotementUn accotement est la partie d'une route située entre la limite de la chaussée, au sens géométrique, et le début du talus de remblai ou de déblai, ou en d'autres termes la zone s'étendant de la limite de la chaussée à la limite de la plate-forme. Les accotements, stabilisés ou non, ne font pas partie de la chaussée mais des dépendances routières. En synthèse, les termes suivants sont apparentés au terme accotement : accotement stabilisé : partie ou totalité de l’accotement dont la structure a été renforcée pour permettre de supporter la charge occasionnelle d'un véhicule.
Mesures de restriction de la circulation routièreLes mesures de restriction de la circulation routière concernent les limitations au droit de circuler de certaines catégories d'usagers visant à diminuer et fluidifier la circulation routière afin de réduire l’encombrement, la pollution de l'air, les risques d'accident de la route, ceux liés au transport de matières dangereuses ou les risques sanitaires comme pendant la pandémie de Covid-19. Elles peuvent être temporaires ou permanentes.
Value-based pricingValue-based price (also value optimized pricing and charging what the market will bear) is a market-driven pricing strategy which sets the price of a good or service according to its perceived or estimated value. The value that a consumer gives to a good or service, can then be defined as their willingness to pay for it (in monetary terms) or the amount of time and resources they would be willing to give up for it. For example, a painting may be priced at a higher cost than the price of a canvas and paints.
