Long-term effects of alcoholThe long-term heavy consumption of alcohol (alcohol use disorder) can cause severe detrimental effects. Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of developing an alcohol use disorder, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, erectile dysfunction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, gastritis, stomach ulcers, alcoholic liver disease, certain types of dementia, and several types of cancer. In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (e.
Mechanism of actionIn pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.
SirtuineLes sirtuines sont une classe d'enzymes, des histones désacétylases NAD-dépendantes, que l'on trouve à la fois chez les procaryotes (dont les bactéries) et les eucaryotes (végétaux et animaux). Elles affectent le métabolisme cellulaire en régulant l'expression de certains gènes (épigénétique) chez les eucaryotes. Le nom vient de Silent mating type Information Regulation two, le gène responsable de la régulation cellulaire chez les levures, et -ine la terminaison conventionnelle pour les protéines.
Memory and agingAge-related memory loss, sometimes described as "normal aging" (also spelled "ageing" in British English), is qualitatively different from memory loss associated with types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, and is believed to have a different brain mechanism. Mild cognitive impairment Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition in which people face memory problems more often than that of the average person their age. These symptoms, however, do not prevent them from carrying out normal activities and are not as severe as the symptoms for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Valvulopathie cardiaqueLe terme valvulopathie cardiaque (littéralement, maladie des valves cardiaques) désigne divers dysfonctionnements des valves cardiaques. Ce sont des maladies fréquentes dont les causes se sont modifiées avec l'amélioration des conditions sanitaires. Toutes les valves cardiaques peuvent être touchées, mais les valves aortique et mitrale sont les plus fréquemment atteintes. L'échographie cardiaque couplée au doppler est actuellement l'examen-clé du bilan d'une valvulopathie.
Timeline of aging researchThis timeline lists notable events in the history of research into senescence or biological aging, including the research and development of life extension methods, brain aging delay methods and rejuvenation. People have long been interested in making their lives longer and healthier. The most anсient Egyptian, Indian and Chinese books contain reasoning about aging. Ancient Egyptians used garlic in large quantities to extend their lifespan.
Insuffisance rénale chronique chez l'humainL’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) se caractérise par une altération irréversible du système de filtration glomérulaire, de la fonction tubulaire et endocrine des reins. On constate une destruction du parenchyme rénal puis des anomalies métaboliques, hormonales et cliniques définissant le syndrome urémique. On estime l'importance de l'insuffisance rénale chronique par le calcul de la clairance de la créatinine par les formules de Cockcroft & Gault, MDRD ou CKD-EPI pour l'adulte et la formule de Schwartz chez l'enfant.
Modified-release dosageModified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage). Sustained-release dosage forms are dosage forms designed to release (liberate) a drug at a predetermined rate in order to maintain a constant drug concentration for a specific period of time with minimum side effects.
AzotemiaAzotemia (azot, "nitrogen" + -emia, "blood condition") is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing compounds (such as urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other nitrogen-rich compounds) in the blood. It is largely related to insufficient or dysfunctional filtering of blood by the kidneys. It can lead to uremia and acute kidney injury (kidney failure) if not controlled. Azotemia has three classifications, depending on its causative origin: prerenal azotemia, renal azotemia, and postrenal azotemia.
Réparation de l'ADNright|vignette|Chromosomes montrant de nombreuses lésions. La réparation de l'ADN est un ensemble de processus par lesquels une cellule identifie et corrige les dommages aux molécules d'ADN qui codent son génome. Dans les cellules, l'acide désoxyribonucléique (ADN) est soumis continuellement à des activités métaboliques normales et à des facteurs environnementaux portant atteinte à son intégrité. Ces facteurs environnementaux sont le plus souvent de nature chimique comme les radicaux libres de l'oxygène et les agents alkylants, ou physique, comme les radiations ultraviolettes et les rayonnements ionisants.