Diagnostic préimplantatoireLe diagnostic préimplantatoire (DPI) permet de détecter la présence d'éventuelles anomalies génétiques ou chromosomiques dans les embryons conçus après fécondation in vitro. Le but étant de différencier les embryons atteints d'une maladie génétique de ceux porteurs sains ou indemnes. Pour cela une à deux cellules (blastomères) sont prélevées sur l'embryon au troisième jour de développement.
Système lymphatiqueLe système lymphatique associe deux notions : d'une part un réseau, à sens unique, de vaisseaux lymphatiques (dit réseau lymphatique), dont les vaisseaux naissent dans les différents tissus du corps pour rejoindre les ganglions, qui permettent la circulation et le nettoyage de la lymphe et dans une certaine mesure la clairance de particules insolubles ; d'autre part tous les organes où se trouvent de grandes quantités de globules blancs : les ganglions lymphatiques, les tissus lymphoïdes associés aux muqueu
Ovariectomievignette|Kystes sur des ovaires retirés à une chienne L'ovariectomie, est l'ablation chirurgicale des ovaires. C'est l'équivalent de loophorectomie. Elle se pratique aussi bien chez les humains à des fins médicales que chez les animaux dans un but de stérilisation et de contrôle des populations. L'ovariectomie est à distinguer de l'ovariohystérectomie, qui consiste à retirer à la fois les ovaires et l'utérus. L'ovariectomie peut être pratiquée chez l'humain. Elle est également pratiquée sur des chats, des chiens, des lapins et rongeurs, et des juments.
Aromatase deficiencyAromatase deficiency is a rare condition characterized by extremely low levels or complete absence of the enzyme aromatase activity in the body. It is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from various mutations of gene CPY19 (P450arom) which can lead to ambiguous genitalia and delayed puberty in females, continued linear growth into adulthood and osteoporosis in males and virilization in pregnant mothers. As of 2020, fewer than 15 cases have been identified in genetically male individuals and at least 30 cases in genetically female individuals.
Masculinizing hormone therapyMasculinizing hormone therapy, also known as transmasculine hormone therapy, or female-to-male (or FTM) hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy and gender affirming therapy which is used to change the secondary sexual characteristics of transgender people from feminine or androgynous to masculine. It is a common type of transgender hormone therapy (another being feminizing hormone therapy), and is predominantly used to treat transgender men and other transmasculine individuals.
Fertility testingFertility testing is the process by which fertility is assessed, both generally and also to find the "fertile window" in the menstrual cycle. General health affects fertility, and STI testing is an important related field. Healthy women are fertile from puberty until menopause, although fertility is typically much reduced towards the extremes of this period. The onset of puberty is typically identified by menarche and the presence of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development, the appearance of pubic hair and changes to body fat distribution.
Abnormal uterine bleedingAbnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), also known as (AVB) or as atypical vaginal bleeding, is vaginal bleeding from the uterus that is abnormally frequent, lasts excessively long, is heavier than normal, or is irregular. The term dysfunctional uterine bleeding was used when no underlying cause was present. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy is excluded. Iron deficiency anemia may occur and quality of life may be negatively affected.
Environmental toxicants and fetal developmentEnvironmental toxicants and fetal development is the impact of different toxic substances from the environment on the development of the fetus. This article deals with potential adverse effects of environmental toxicants on the prenatal development of both the embryo or fetus, as well as pregnancy complications. The human embryo or fetus is relatively susceptible to impact from adverse conditions within the mother's environment. Substandard fetal conditions often cause various degrees of developmental delays, both physical and mental, for the growing baby.
Female infertilityFemale infertility refers to infertility in women. It affects an estimated 48 million women, with the highest prevalence of infertility affecting women in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa/Middle East, and Central/Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Infertility is caused by many sources, including nutrition, diseases, and other malformations of the uterus. Infertility affects women from around the world, and the cultural and social stigma surrounding it varies.
Mitochondrial replacement therapyMitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), sometimes called mitochondrial donation, is the replacement of mitochondria in one or more cells to prevent or ameliorate disease. MRT originated as a special form of in vitro fertilisation in which some or all of the future baby's mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) comes from a third party. This technique is used in cases when mothers carry genes for mitochondrial diseases. The therapy is approved for use in the United Kingdom.
