Theistic evolutionTheistic evolution (also known as theistic evolutionism or God-guided evolution) is a view that God acts and creates through laws of nature. It posits that the concept of God is compatible with the findings of modern science, including evolution. Theistic evolution is not in itself a scientific theory, but includes a range of views about how science relates to religious beliefs and the extent to which God intervenes. It rejects the strict creationist doctrines of special creation, but can include beliefs such as creation of the human soul.
Fitness functionA fitness function is a particular type of objective function that is used to summarise, as a single figure of merit, how close a given design solution is to achieving the set aims. Fitness functions are used in evolutionary algorithms (EA), such as genetic programming and genetic algorithms to guide simulations towards optimal design solutions. In the field of EAs, each design solution is commonly represented as a string of numbers (referred to as a chromosome).
Cultural evolutionCultural evolution is an evolutionary theory of social change. It follows from the definition of culture as "information capable of affecting individuals' behavior that they acquire from other members of their species through teaching, imitation and other forms of social transmission". Cultural evolution is the change of this information over time. Cultural evolution, historically also known as sociocultural evolution, was originally developed in the 19th century by anthropologists stemming from Charles Darwin's research on evolution.
Personnel selectionPersonnel selection is the methodical process used to hire (or, less commonly, promote) individuals. Although the term can apply to all aspects of the process (recruitment, selection, hiring, onboarding, acculturation, etc.) the most common meaning focuses on the selection of workers. In this respect, selected prospects are separated from rejected applicants with the intention of choosing the person who will be the most successful and make the most valuable contributions to the organization.
Position de l'Église catholique sur la théorie de l'évolutionLa position de l'Église catholique sur la théorie de l'évolution maintient l'inerrance de la Bible, tout en estimant nécessaire de distinguer les différents domaines ou hypothèses, partant, les conclusions certaines des sciences profanes. L’Écriture montre les conséquences dramatiques de cette première désobéissance. Adam et Ève perdent immédiatement la grâce de la sainteté originelle (cf. Rm 3, 23). Ils ont peur de ce Dieu (cf. Gn 3, 9-10) dont ils ont conçu une fausse image, celle d’un Dieu jaloux de ses prérogatives (cf.
E. coli long-term evolution experimentThe E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE''') is an ongoing study in experimental evolution begun by Richard Lenski at the University of California, Irvine, carried on by Lenski and colleagues at Michigan State University, and currently overseen by Jeffrey E. Barrick at the University of Texas at Austin. It has been tracking genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of asexual Escherichia coli bacteria since 24 February 1988. Lenski performed the 10,000th transfer of the experiment on March 13, 2017.
Evolutionary anthropologyEvolutionary anthropology, the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour and of the relation between hominids and non-hominid primates, builds on natural science and on social science.
Job performanceJob performance assesses whether a person performs a job well. Job performance, studied academically as part of industrial and organizational psychology, also forms a part of human resources management. Performance is an important criterion for organizational outcomes and success. John P. Campbell describes job performance as an individual-level variable, or something a single person does. This differentiates it from more encompassing constructs such as organizational performance or national performance, which are higher-level variables.
Théorie évolutive des jeuxLa théorie évolutive des jeux, appelée aussi théorie des jeux évolutionniste, est l'application de la théorie des jeux à l'étude de l'évolution de populations en biologie. Elle définit un cadre de compétitions, de stratégies et d'analyses dans lequel la compétition darwinienne peut être modélisée. Elle a vu le jour en 1973 avec la formalisation par John Maynard Smith et George R. Price des compétitions, analysées en tant que stratégies, et des critères mathématiques qui peuvent être utilisés pour prédire les résultats des stratégies concurrentes.
Dilemme du prisonnierLe dilemme du prisonnier, énoncé en 1950 par Albert W. Tucker à Princeton, caractérise en théorie des jeux une situation où deux joueurs auraient intérêt à coopérer, mais où, en l'absence de communication entre les deux joueurs, chacun choisira de trahir l'autre si le jeu n'est joué qu'une fois. La raison est que si l'un coopère et que l'autre trahit, le coopérateur est fortement pénalisé. Pourtant, si les deux joueurs trahissent, le résultat leur est moins favorable que si les deux avaient choisi de coopérer.
