Skin infectionA skin infection is an infection of the skin in humans and other animals, that can also affect the associated soft tissues such as loose connective tissue and mucous membranes. They comprise a category of infections termed skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs), or skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and acute bacterial SSSIs (ABSSSIs). They are distinguished from dermatitis (inflammation of the skin), although skin infections can result in skin inflammation.
Biological therapy for inflammatory bowel diseaseBiological therapy, the use of medications called biopharmaceuticals or biologics that are tailored to specifically target an immune or genetic mediator of disease, plays a major role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Even for diseases of unknown cause, molecules that are involved in the disease process have been identified, and can be targeted for biological therapy. Many of these molecules, which are mainly cytokines, are directly involved in the immune system.
Cinétique enzymatiqueLa cinétique enzymatique a pour objet d'identifier et de décrire les mécanismes des réactions biochimiques, catalysées par les enzymes (réaction enzymatique), en étudiant leur vitesse c'est-à-dire leur évolution en fonction du temps. En partant des enzymes isolées et en allant vers les systèmes métaboliques organisés et intégrés, la cinétique enzymatique permet de décrire quantitativement les propriétés catalytiques des enzymes et les mécanismes mis en place pour leur régulation.
Antimalarial medicationAntimalarial medications or simply antimalarials are a type of antiparasitic chemical agent, often naturally derived, that can be used to treat or to prevent malaria, in the latter case, most often aiming at two susceptible target groups, young children and pregnant women. As of 2018, modern treatments, including for severe malaria, continued to depend on therapies deriving historically from quinine and artesunate, both parenteral (injectable) drugs, expanding from there into the many classes of available modern drugs.
Light-dependent reactionsLight-dependent reactions is jargon for certain photochemical reactions that are involved in photosynthesis, the main process by which plants acquire energy. There are two light dependent reactions, the first occurs at photosystem II (PSII) and the second occurs at photosystem I (PSI), PSII absorbs a photon to produce a so-called high energy electron which transfers via an electron transport chain to cytochrome b_6f and then to PSI. The then-reduced PSI, absorbs another photon producing a more highly reducing electron, which converts NADP^+ to NADPH.
DrogueUne est un composé chimique, biochimique ou naturel, capable d'altérer une ou plusieurs activités neuronales et/ou de perturber les communications neuronales. La consommation de drogues par l'Homme – afin de modifier ses fonctions physiologiques ou psychiques, ses réactions physiologiques et ses états de conscience – n'est pas récente. Certaines drogues peuvent engendrer une dépendance physique ou psychologique. L'usage de celles-ci peut avoir pour conséquences des perturbations physiques ou mentales.
Maladie de CrohnLa maladie de Crohn est une maladie inflammatoire chronique de l'intestin (MICI) qui peut atteindre toute partie de l'appareil digestif (de la bouche à l'anus) et éventuellement la peau, les articulations et les yeux. De cause inconnue, cette maladie est caractérisée par une inflammation le plus souvent retrouvée au niveau de l'iléon et du côlon, qui serait d'origine multifactorielle, faisant intervenir entre autres une composante génétique et le microbiome.
InfectionAn infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection. Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, most prominently bacteria and viruses. Hosts can fight infections using their immune systems. Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response.
Pathogenic bacteriaPathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and are often beneficial but others can cause infectious diseases. The number of these pathogenic species in humans is estimated to be fewer than a hundred. By contrast, several thousand species are part of the gut flora present in the digestive tract.
Syndrome de l'intestin irritableLe syndrome de l'intestin irritable (appelé également troubles fonctionnels intestinaux, ou colopathie fonctionnelle, ou encore syndrome du côlon irritable) est une maladie chronique à symptomatologie digestive en rapport avec des modifications de la motricité et de la sensibilité de l'intestin intriquées avec des facteurs psychologiques. Le diagnostic nécessite d'éliminer les pathologies à expression similaire les plus communes. Sans gravité, cette maladie fréquente retentit sur la qualité de vie.
