Spherically symmetric spacetimeIn physics, spherically symmetric spacetimes are commonly used to obtain analytic and numerical solutions to Einstein's field equations in the presence of radially moving matter or energy. Because spherically symmetric spacetimes are by definition irrotational, they are not realistic models of black holes in nature. However, their metrics are considerably simpler than those of rotating spacetimes, making them much easier to analyze.
Exact solutions in general relativityIn general relativity, an exact solution is a solution of the Einstein field equations whose derivation does not invoke simplifying assumptions, though the starting point for that derivation may be an idealized case like a perfectly spherical shape of matter. Mathematically, finding an exact solution means finding a Lorentzian manifold equipped with tensor fields modeling states of ordinary matter, such as a fluid, or classical non-gravitational fields such as the electromagnetic field.
Cosmologie non standardUne cosmologie non standard est un modèle cosmologique physique de l'Univers qui a été, ou est toujours, proposé comme alternative au modèle standard de la cosmologie actuellement en vigueur. Le terme non standard s’applique à toute théorie non conforme au consensus scientifique. Comme le terme dépend du consensus en vigueur, sa signification change avec le temps. Par exemple, la matière noire tiède n'aurait pas été considérée comme non standard en 1990, mais l'est en 2010.
Temps cosmiquevignette|Représentation de l'âge de l'Univers depuis le Big Bang. En cosmologie, le temps cosmique est le temps propre d'un observateur dit « fondamental » ou « comobile » appartenant à un univers homogène et isotrope. En pratique, l'Univers n'est pas exactement homogène et isotrope, mais en moyennant la distribution de matière de l'Univers, on peut considérer qu'il l'est et ainsi utiliser le principe cosmologique.
Willem de SitterWillem de Sitter, né le à Sneek (Frise) et mort le à Leyde (Hollande-Méridionale), est un astronome néerlandais. Il est président de l'Union astronomique internationale de 1925 à 1928. Willem de Sitter étudie les mathématiques à l'université de Groningue puis intègre le laboratoire d'astronomie de Groningue. Il travaille à l'observatoire du Cap en Afrique du Sud (1897-1899) puis, en 1908, de Sitter est nommé à la chaire d'astronomie de l'université de Leyde. Il est directeur de l'observatoire de Leyde de 1919 jusqu'à sa mort.
Alternatives to general relativityAlternatives to general relativity are physical theories that attempt to describe the phenomenon of gravitation in competition with Einstein's theory of general relativity. There have been many different attempts at constructing an ideal theory of gravity. These attempts can be split into four broad categories based on their scope. In this article, straightforward alternatives to general relativity are discussed, which do not involve quantum mechanics or force unification.
Relativité généraleLa relativité générale est une théorie relativiste de la gravitation, c'est-à-dire qu'elle décrit l'influence de la présence de matière, et plus généralement d'énergie, sur le mouvement des astres en tenant compte des principes de la relativité restreinte. La relativité générale englobe et supplante la théorie de la gravitation universelle d'Isaac Newton qui en représente la limite aux petites vitesses (comparées à la vitesse de la lumière) et aux champs gravitationnels faibles.
Spacetime symmetriesSpacetime symmetries are features of spacetime that can be described as exhibiting some form of symmetry. The role of symmetry in physics is important in simplifying solutions to many problems. Spacetime symmetries are used in the study of exact solutions of Einstein's field equations of general relativity. Spacetime symmetries are distinguished from internal symmetries. Physical problems are often investigated and solved by noticing features which have some form of symmetry.
Kerr metricThe Kerr metric or Kerr geometry describes the geometry of empty spacetime around a rotating uncharged axially symmetric black hole with a quasispherical event horizon. The Kerr metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations of general relativity; these equations are highly non-linear, which makes exact solutions very difficult to find. The Kerr metric is a generalization to a rotating body of the Schwarzschild metric, discovered by Karl Schwarzschild in 1915, which described the geometry of spacetime around an uncharged, spherically symmetric, and non-rotating body.
Static spherically symmetric perfect fluidIn metric theories of gravitation, particularly general relativity, a static spherically symmetric perfect fluid solution (a term which is often abbreviated as ssspf) is a spacetime equipped with suitable tensor fields which models a static round ball of a fluid with isotropic pressure. Such solutions are often used as idealized models of stars, especially compact objects such as white dwarfs and especially neutron stars.
