Temperateness (virology)In virology, temperate refers to the ability of some bacteriophages (notably coliphage λ) to display a lysogenic life cycle. Many (but not all) temperate phages can integrate their genomes into their host bacterium's chromosome, together becoming a lysogen as the phage genome becomes a prophage. A temperate phage is also able to undergo a productive, typically lytic life cycle, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome, and produces phage progeny, which then leave the bacterium.
Extracellular polymeric substanceExtracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) are natural polymers of high molecular weight secreted by microorganisms into their environment. EPSs establish the functional and structural integrity of biofilms, and are considered the fundamental component that determines the physicochemical properties of a biofilm. EPS in the matrix of biofilms provides compositional support and protection of microbial communities from the harsh environments. Components of EPS can be of different classes of polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, lipopolysaccharides, and minerals.
FtsZFtsZ est une protéine procaryote homologue de la tubuline eucaryote qui joue un rôle fondamental dans la scissiparité (ou division binaire) chez les bactéries. Codée par le gène ftsZ, elle s'assemble en anneau à l'emplacement du futur septum au niveau duquel les cellules filles vont ensuite se séparer. Elle permet également de recruter au même site d'autres protéines actives lors de la division cellulaire comme FtsA, ZipA, FtsK, FtsQ, FtsL/FtsB, FtsW, FtsI, et FtsN.
