Impact evaluationImpact evaluation assesses the changes that can be attributed to a particular intervention, such as a project, program or policy, both the intended ones, as well as ideally the unintended ones. In contrast to outcome monitoring, which examines whether targets have been achieved, impact evaluation is structured to answer the question: how would outcomes such as participants' well-being have changed if the intervention had not been undertaken? This involves counterfactual analysis, that is, "a comparison between what actually happened and what would have happened in the absence of the intervention.
Émissions de gaz à effet de serre par source d'énergie électriqueLa mesure des émissions de gaz à effet de serre des moyens de production d'énergie consiste à calculer le potentiel de réchauffement climatique de chaque source d'énergie électrique en étudiant son cycle de vie. Pour chaque source les résultats sont présentés en utilisant les unités de potentiel de réchauffement climatique par unité d'énergie électrique produite. Les échelles utilisées sont l'unité de potentiel de réchauffement climatique, l'équivalent en dioxyde de carbone, et l'unité de l'énergie électrique, le kilowatt-heure (kWh).
Mensongevignette|Ulysse simulant la folie, tapisserie du . vignette|Pinocchio, autre personnification du mensonge. Le mensonge (ou menterie au Québec) est l'énoncé délibéré d'un fait que son annonceur sait contraire à la vérité, ou encore la dissimulation de la vérité ; dans ce dernier cas on parle plutôt de « mensonge par omission ». Il ne faut pas le confondre avec la contrevérité, qui est une affirmation inexacte sans que son auteur le sache obligatoirement.
Principles of warPrinciples of war are rules and guidelines that represent truths in the practice of war and military operations. The earliest known principles of war were documented by Sun Tzu, circa 500 BCE, as well as Chanakya in his Arthashastra circa 350BCE. Machiavelli published his "General Rules" in 1521 which were themselves modeled on Vegetius' Regulae bellorum generales (Epit. 3.26.1–33). Henri, Duke of Rohan established his "Guides" for war in 1644. Marquis de Silva presented his "Principles" for war in 1778.
Big lieA big lie (große Lüge) is a gross distortion or misrepresentation of the truth primarily used as a political propaganda technique. The German expression was first used by Adolf Hitler in his book Mein Kampf (1925) to describe how people could be induced to believe so colossal a lie because they would not believe that someone "could have the impudence to distort the truth so infamously". Hitler claimed that the technique had been used by Jews to blame Germany's loss in World War I on German general Erich Ludendorff, who was a prominent nationalist political leader in the Weimar Republic.
