Health human resourcesHealth human resources (HHR) – also known as human resources for health (HRH) or health workforce – is defined as "all people engaged in actions whose primary intent is to enhance positive health outcomes", according to World Health Organization's World Health Report 2006. Human resources for health are identified as one of the six core building blocks of a health system.
Masque de protectionvignette|Microturbulences de l'air lors d'une toux dans la main ou dans un masque. Un masque de protection est un dispositif destiné à protéger l'utilisateur de l'inhalation de poussières nocives, d'agents pathogènes, fumées, vapeurs, ou de gaz. Les masques existent dans une large gamme de types et de tailles utilisées par les militaires, le secteur privé et le public. Ils vont du moins cher, à usage unique, aux masques jetables réutilisables à des modèles à cartouches remplaçables.
BiostatistiqueLa biostatistique (mot-valise issu des champs de la biologie et des statistiques) est un champ scientifique constitué par l'application de la science statistique à la biologie et à la médecine. Le domaine d'application des biostatistiques est large. Il peut s'agir de biométrie, de conception méthodologique d'études biologiques ou cliniques, ou encore du recueil, de l'analyse et du traitement statistique de données recueillis lors d'études écologiques, biologiques, agronomiques, halieutiques, de santé publique, de santé environnementale, d'études épidémiologiques, médicales et/ou cliniques, pharmaceutiques, agropharmaceutiques.
Fiducial inferenceFiducial inference is one of a number of different types of statistical inference. These are rules, intended for general application, by which conclusions can be drawn from samples of data. In modern statistical practice, attempts to work with fiducial inference have fallen out of fashion in favour of frequentist inference, Bayesian inference and decision theory. However, fiducial inference is important in the history of statistics since its development led to the parallel development of concepts and tools in theoretical statistics that are widely used.
Identity by descentA DNA segment is identical by state (IBS) in two or more individuals if they have identical nucleotide sequences in this segment. An IBS segment is identical by descent (IBD) in two or more individuals if they have inherited it from a common ancestor without recombination, that is, the segment has the same ancestral origin in these individuals. DNA segments that are IBD are IBS per definition, but segments that are not IBD can still be IBS due to the same mutations in different individuals or recombinations that do not alter the segment.
Metropolis light transportMetropolis light transport (MLT) is a global illumination application of a variant of the Monte Carlo method called the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to the rendering equation for generating images from detailed physical descriptions of three-dimensional scenes. The procedure constructs paths from the eye to a light source using bidirectional path tracing, then constructs slight modifications to the path. Some careful statistical calculation (the Metropolis algorithm) is used to compute the appropriate distribution of brightness over the image.
