Damping of thermoset and thermoplastic flax fibre composites

The mechanical and damping properties of unidirectional (UD) and twill 2/2 flax fibre (FF) reinforced thermoset (epoxy) and thermoplastic (polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA)) composites containing 40 vol% of fibres have been compared with those of carbon (CF) and glass (GF) fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Thanks to the relatively low density of the FF, the specific mechanical properties of the LID FF based composites were comparable with those of the GF epoxy composites. The composites reinforced with FF also showed improved damping as reflected by dynamic mechanical analysis with respect to composites reinforced with synthetic CF and GF. For example, the addition of UD FF to epoxy led to an approximately 100% increase in loss factor with respect to both the matrix and GF reinforced epoxy. FF/PP showed the highest damping at 25 degrees C and 1 Hz of all the composites investigated (tan delta = 0.033). However the best compromise between stiffness and damping was obtained with FF reinforced semicrystalline PLA. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Pierre-Etienne Bourban, Fabien Duc, Jan-Anders Månson, John Christopher Plummer
Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2014
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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/201116?ln=fr

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Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy/flax fibre composites

Pierre-Etienne Bourban, Fabien Duc, Jan-Anders Månson

The mechanical and damping properties were measured for unidirectional, 0/90 and twill 2/2 flax fibre (FF) composites containing 40 vol% of fibres in an epoxy matrix. All composites were processed by resin transfer moulding. The influence of the impregnation quality, the fibre/matrix adhesion, the quality of the fibres, the twist angle of the FF yarns and the crimp in the FF fabrics on these properties were quantified. Twisted yarns in an unidirectional FF fabric impacted negatively on the stiffness while increasing the damping of about 57% through enhancement of the intra-yarn friction. In twill 2/2 fabrics, twisted yarns decreased Young's modulus owing to the induced crimp but increased the damping through enhanced inter-yarn friction. With improved fibre/matrix adhesion, a damping increase up to 109% was obtained through better activation of the intrinsic damping mechanisms of an elementary FF. The best compromise between damping and stiffness was obtained with FF having less dislocations.

Sage Publications Ltd2014

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Thermal mending in E-glass reinforced poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/epoxy blends

Amaël Maximilien Cohades, Véronique Michaud

Blends of difunctional epoxy monomer with a 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone hardener and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) were used as a self-healing matrix in woven glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites (FRPs). FRPs with these blends (containing 0, 25 and 37 vol% of PCL in the blend) were manufactured through Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Moulding at high temperature and the matrix, resulting from polymerization induced phase separation, consisted of interconnected epoxy particles embedded in PCL. With 25 vol% PCL in the matrix, similar storage modulus and interfacial shear strength as compared to unmodified systems have been observed, however toughness was decreased by 40%. Up to 45% toughness recovery and over 100% stiffness recovery were observed over several cycles when the blend matrix composite samples were re-tested after a thermal cycle at 150 degrees C for 30 min. These composites can thus provide efficient crack healing, but remain more sensitive to initial crack propagation due to confinement of the thermoplastic phase. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Polylactic acid-phosphate glass composite foams as scaffolds for tissue engineering

Pierre-Etienne Bourban, Jan-Anders Månson, Dominique Pioletti

Phosphate glass (PG) of the composition 0.46(CaO)-0.04(Na(2)O)- 0.5(P(2)O(5)) was used as filler in poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) foams developed as degradable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The effect of PG on PLA was assessed both in bulk and porous composite foams. Composites with various PG content (0, 5, 10, and 20 wt %) were melt-extruded, and either compression-molded or foamed through supercritical CO(2). Dynamic mechanical analysis on the bulk composites showed that incorporating 20 wt % PG resulted in a significant increase in storage modulus. Aging studies in deionized water in terms of weight loss, pH change, and ion release inferred that the degradation was due to PG dissolution, and dependent on the amount of glass in the composites. Foaming was only possible for composites containing 5 and 10 wt % PG, as an increase in PG increased the foam densities; however, the level of porosity was maintained above 75%. PLA-T(g) in the foams was higher than those obtained for the bulk. Compressive moduli showed no significant reinforcement with glass incorporation in either expansion direction, indicating no anisotropy. Biocompatibility showed that proliferation of human fetal bone cells was more rapid for PLA compared to PLA-PG foams. However, the proliferation rate of PLA-PG foams were similar to those obtained for foams of PLA with either hydroxyapatite or beta-tricalcium phosphate.

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