Dépression psychotiqueUne dépression psychotique désigne un état dépressif accompagné de symptômes psychotiques. Elle survient lors de contextes de trouble bipolaire ou de dépression. Il peut être difficile de différencier la schizophrénie dysthymique ; ce trouble requiert la présence de symptômes psychotiques pendant une période d'au moins deux semaines. Le Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (DSM-IV) énonce un symptôme dépressif à caractère psychotique.
Appareil digestifLe système digestif, appelé aussi appareil digestif, est l'ensemble des organes qui chez les êtres vivants a pour rôle d'assurer l'ingestion et la digestion des aliments pour en extraire l'énergie et les nutriments nécessaires à la survie de l'organisme qui sont ensuite absorbés par l'organisme. Ce système est essentiel à la vie des animaux et se retrouve nécessairement pour toutes les espèces. Le rôle de ce système biologique est également d'assurer l'excrétion des matières alimentaires qui n'ont pu être absorbées par l'organisme.
Peripheral chemoreceptorsPeripheral chemoreceptors (of the carotid and aortic bodies) are so named because they are sensory extensions of the peripheral nervous system into blood vessels where they detect changes in chemical concentrations. As transducers of patterns of variability in the surrounding environment, carotid and aortic bodies count as chemosensors in a similar way as taste buds and photoreceptors. However, because carotid and aortic bodies detect variation within the body's internal organs, they are considered interoceptors.
Air-free techniqueAir-free techniques refer to a range of manipulations in the chemistry laboratory for the handling of compounds that are air-sensitive. These techniques prevent the compounds from reacting with components of air, usually water and oxygen; less commonly carbon dioxide and nitrogen. A common theme among these techniques is the use of a fine (100–10−3 Torr) or high (10−3–10−6 Torr) vacuum to remove air, and the use of an inert gas: preferably argon, but often nitrogen.
Air sensitivityAir sensitivity is a term used, particularly in chemistry, to denote the reactivity of chemical compounds with some constituent of air. Most often, reactions occur with atmospheric oxygen (O2) or water vapor (H2O), although reactions with the other constituents of air such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen (N2) are also possible. A variety of air-free techniques have been developed to handle air-sensitive compounds. Two main types of equipment are gloveboxes and Schlenk lines.
NeurocognitionNeurocognitive functions are cognitive functions closely linked to the function of particular areas, neural pathways, or cortical networks in the brain, ultimately served by the substrate of the brain's neurological matrix (i.e. at the cellular and molecular level). Therefore, their understanding is closely linked to the practice of neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience – two disciplines that broadly seek to understand how the structure and function of the brain relate to cognition and behaviour.
