Steamroller (microarchitecture)AMD Steamroller Family 15h is a microarchitecture developed by AMD for AMD APUs, which succeeded Piledriver in the beginning of 2014 as the third-generation Bulldozer-based microarchitecture. Steamroller APUs continue to use two-core modules as their predecessors, while aiming at achieving greater levels of parallelism. Steamroller still features two-core modules found in Bulldozer and Piledriver designs called clustered multi-thread (CMT), meaning that one module is marketed as a dual-core processor.
Bus snoopingBus snooping or bus sniffing is a scheme by which a coherency controller (snooper) in a cache (a snoopy cache) monitors or snoops the bus transactions, and its goal is to maintain a cache coherency in distributed shared memory systems. This scheme was introduced by Ravishankar and Goodman in 1983, under the name "write-once" cache coherency. A cache containing a coherency controller (snooper) is called a snoopy cache.
Tick–tock modelTick–tock was a production model adopted in 2007 by chip manufacturer Intel. Under this model, every microarchitecture change (tock) was followed by a die shrink of the process technology (tick). It was replaced by the process–architecture–optimization model, which was announced in 2016 and is like a tick–tock cycle followed by an optimization phase. As a general engineering model, tick–tock is a model that refreshes one side of a binary system each release cycle.
Athlon 64L'Athlon 64 est un microprocesseur lancé en septembre 2003 par AMD et basé sur l'architecture K8 (comme le sont aussi les Sempron s754, les Sempron 64, Athlon FX, Athlon X2 et Opteron).
NehalemLa microarchitecture Nehalem est une microarchitecture x86 d'Intel, utilisée par les familles Nehalem et Westmere. Elle succède à Core, par rapport à laquelle elle apporte plusieurs changements majeurs, comme l'intégration du contrôleur mémoire et l'utilisation d'un nouveau bus de données système et inter-processeur (QPI). Les déclinaisons Clarkdale intègrent en outre un contrôleur PCI-Express. Le premier processeur Nehalem a été le Core i7 920 sorti en . La microarchitecture suivante est Sandy Bridge.
IA-32IA-32 (short for "Intel Architecture, 32-bit", commonly called i386) is the 32-bit version of the x86 instruction set architecture, designed by Intel and first implemented in the 80386 microprocessor in 1985. IA-32 is the first incarnation of x86 that supports 32-bit computing; as a result, the "IA-32" term may be used as a metonym to refer to all x86 versions that support 32-bit computing. Within various programming language directives, IA-32 is still sometimes referred to as the "i386" architecture.
Uniform memory accessUniform memory access (UMA) is a shared memory architecture used in parallel computers. All the processors in the UMA model share the physical memory uniformly. In an UMA architecture, access time to a memory location is independent of which processor makes the request or which memory chip contains the transferred data. Uniform memory access computer architectures are often contrasted with non-uniform memory access (NUMA) architectures. In the NUMA architecture, each processor may use a private cache.
X86 assembly languagex86 assembly language is the name for the family of assembly languages which provide some level of backward compatibility with CPUs back to the Intel 8008 microprocessor, which was launched in April 1972. It is used to produce object code for the x86 class of processors. Regarded as a programming language, assembly is machine-specific and low-level. Like all assembly languages, x86 assembly uses mnemonics to represent fundamental CPU instructions, or machine code.
Hackintoshvignette|Hackintosh sous MacOS X Yosemite Un hackintosh, mot-valise provenant de la contraction de "hacking" (bidouillage/piratage) et de "Macintosh" (la marque la plus connue d'Apple), désigne un ordinateur construit à partir de matériel standard sous l'architecture x64 (x86 jusqu'à OS X 10.5 Léopard) non homologué par Apple mais permettant, grâce à quelques modifications du système, d'utiliser macOS comme système d'exploitation principal.
Read-copy-updateIn computer science, read-copy-update (RCU) is a synchronization mechanism that avoids the use of lock primitives while multiple threads concurrently read and update elements that are linked through pointers and that belong to shared data structures (e.g., linked lists, trees, hash tables). Whenever a thread is inserting or deleting elements of data structures in shared memory, all readers are guaranteed to see and traverse either the older or the new structure, therefore avoiding inconsistencies (e.g.
