Origine des microplastiques en eau douce

Aïdatou Sakho
2015
Projet étudiant

Résumé

Microplastics in freshwater are becoming of emerging concerns. In Switzerland, some recent studies reveals the microplastics pollution of Swiss lakes and rivers. The aim of the present study is to improve the understanding of the origins of this pollution. The process used was a reviewing of litterature, a field work on the riversides of the Venoge and an analysis of some body care products. Plastics found on the riversides were analysed by infrared spectroscopy FT-IR. The analysis of the body care products permits to evaluate how much quantity of PE they reject in the environment. Actually, PE is the main plastic found in cosmetics. The majority of the plastics found were PP, PS and PE which are also the main components of food wrappers and food containers. Therefore, the consumers seems to be the main responsibles of the pollution. Waste waters are the second most important source of microplastics in freshwaters

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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/205173?ln=fr

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Aïdatou Sakho
2015
Projet étudiant

Résumé

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/205173?ln=fr

À propos de ce résultat

Concepts associés (8)

La pollution est la destruction ou dégradation d'un écosystème ou de la biosphère par l'introduction, généralement humaine, d'entités (physiques, chimiques ou biologiques), ou de radiations altéran

thumb|upright=1.4|Micro-plastiques bleus découverts dans un saladier lors du rinçage ; provenant de la partie abrasive de l’éponge synthétique. Les microplastiques sont les petites particu

vignette|Les matières plastiques font désormais partie de notre quotidien. Structure typique d'une formule : matière plastique = polymère(s) brut(s) (résine(s) de base) + charges + plastifian

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Pollution plastique dans les eaux suisses: caractérisation et quantification de leurs micropolluants

Colin Demars

Numerous researches showing various environmental impacts are done on marine plastic pollution. In turn the situation for superficial fresh water is poorly known. In order to measure this pollution in Switzerland three different lake samples (lake Geneva, lake Maggiore and lake Constance), beach samples and rejection pellets from limnic birds have been analyzed. The samples are divided into micro- (1-5mm) and macroplastics (>5mm). The plastic’s composition is the following: polyethylene (x̄=62 %, σ=15 %), polypropylene (x̄=21 %, σ=16 %), polystyrene (x̄= 8 %, σ=9 %), polymer mixes (x̄=5 %, σ=7 %), acetate cellulose (x̄=2 %, σ=3 %) and others (x̄= 2 %, σ=4 %). The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), mirex, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A vary between 1 – 6’000 ng/g, the one for phthalates ranges from 500 – 100’000 ng/g depending on the samples. Strong variations in micro pollutants are observed among the particles. Microplastics show higher concentrations than macroplastics. Furthermore surface water samples tend to have higher concentrations than the ones from beaches. The presence of these micropollutants at the measured doses does not directly respond to the question whether there is an eco-toxicological impact or not.

2014

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Pollution due to plastics and microplastics in Lake Geneva and in the Mediterranean Sea

Hadrien Baecher, Marie Corbaz, Luiz Felippe De Alencastro, Florian Faure

Aquatic pollution due to plastics, and especially microplastics, is becoming the subject of growing research together with an increasing awareness of their environmental harm. While most of the studies focus on oceans, the situation regarding lakes remains largely unknown, and Lake Geneva is no exception, as no studies on the subject are yet underway to our knowledge. This study is the synthesis of a two-step approach. Beaches, fishes and birds from Lake Geneva were investigated to assess the global plastic pollution. Microplastic pollution then became the main research focus, with a microplastics sampling and counting protocol being experimented with samples from the Mediterranean Sea and applied to Lake Geneva once under control. Macroplastics and microplastics have notably been found on the beaches and in the surface layer of Lake Geneva in significant quantities. These findings provide evidence of the importance of further research, both on the distribution of microplastics in Lake Geneva and on their interactions with the environment. They represent indeed a potential input channel for adsorbed pollutants or plastic components into the food chain through their intake by fauna and consecutive desorption.

2012

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Plastic pollution in Swiss surface waters: nature and concentrations, interaction with pollutants

Luiz Felippe De Alencastro, Colin Demars, Florian Faure, Olivier Wieser

Marine microplastic (,5 mm) water pollution has met growing public and scientific interest in the last few years. The situation in freshwater environments remains largely unknown, although it appears that they play an important role as part of the origin of marine pollution. Apart from the physical impacts on biota, chemical effects are to be expected as well, especially with smaller particles. This study aims at assessing plastic abundance in Lakes Geneva, Constance, Neuchaˆtel, Maggiore, Zurich and Brienz, and identifying the nature of the particles, potential ingestion by birds and fishes, and the associated pollutants. Lake surface transects and a few rivers were sampled using a floating manta net, and beach sediments were analysed. Plastics were sorted by type (fragments, pellets, cosmetic beads, lines, fibres, films, foams) and composition (polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, etc.); fish and water birds were dissected to assess their potential exposure, and analyses were conducted on the hydrophobic micropollutants adsorbed to the microplastics as well as some potentially toxic additives they contained. Evidence of this pollution is shown for all lakes, microplastics of all types and diverse composition having been found in all samples. Birds and fish are prone to microplastic ingestion, and all the tested chemicals (both adsorbed micropollutants and contained additives) were found above the detection limit, and often the quantification limit. The sources and their respective contribution need to be confirmed and quantified, and the ecotoxicological effects need further investigation. Other questions remain open, including the transport and fate of plastic particles in the environment.

Csiro Publishing2015

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