Flash evaporationFlash evaporation (or partial evaporation) is the partial vapor that occurs when a saturated liquid stream undergoes a reduction in pressure by passing through a throttling valve or other throttling device. This process is one of the simplest unit operations. If the throttling valve or device is located at the entry into a pressure vessel so that the flash evaporation occurs within the vessel, then the vessel is often referred to as a flash drum.
Turbine d'expansionvignette|Aube d'un turbodétendeur attaquée par la corrosion et déformée par les hautes températures. droite|vignette|Schéma de principe d'une turbine d'expansion entraînant un compresseur. Une turbine d'expansion, également appelée turbodétendeur ou turbine de détente, est une turbine centrifuge ou à écoulement axial, à travers laquelle un gaz à haute pression est détendu pour produire un travail qui est souvent utilisé pour entraîner un compresseur ou un générateur ; les turbodétendeurs sont aussi l'étage essentiel du procédé Claude de liquéfaction de gaz tels que l'oxygène, l'azote, l'hélium, l'argon et le krypton.
Feedwater heaterA feedwater heater is a power plant component used to pre-heat water delivered to a steam generating boiler. Preheating the feedwater reduces the irreversibilities involved in steam generation and therefore improves the thermodynamic efficiency of the system. This reduces plant operating costs and also helps to avoid thermal shock to the boiler metal when the feedwater is introduced back into the steam cycle. In a steam power plant (usually modeled as a modified Rankine cycle), feedwater heaters allow the feedwater to be brought up to the saturation temperature very gradually.
Energy recyclingEnergy recycling is the energy recovery process of utilizing energy that would normally be wasted, usually by converting it into electricity or thermal energy. Undertaken at manufacturing facilities, power plants, and large institutions such as hospitals and universities, it significantly increases efficiency, thereby reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas pollution simultaneously. The process is noted for its potential to mitigate global warming profitably.
Sakuma–Hattori equationIn physics, the Sakuma–Hattori equation is a mathematical model for predicting the amount of thermal radiation, radiometric flux or radiometric power emitted from a perfect blackbody or received by a thermal radiation detector. The Sakuma–Hattori equation was first proposed by Fumihiro Sakuma, Akira Ono and Susumu Hattori in 1982. In 1996, a study investigated the usefulness of various forms of the Sakuma–Hattori equation. This study showed the Planckian form to provide the best fit for most applications.
Niveau de volthumb|Niveau de vol QNH Un niveau de vol est en aéronautique une altitude exprimée en centaines de pieds au-dessus de la surface isobare . Un niveau de vol est exprimé en centaines de pieds, et précédé de le sigle FL (de l'anglais flight level, « niveau de vol »). Ainsi une altitude de avec un calage de est notée FL 300. En altimétrie, une altitude en aviation est calculée à partir d'une différence de pression entre une pression avec laquelle se calibre l'altimètre et la pression statique à l'extérieur de l'avion.
