Filtre passe-hautthumb|right|Image sur laquelle a été appliqué un filtre passe-haut (résultat à droite) Un filtre passe-haut (en anglais, high-pass filter ou HPF) est un filtre qui laisse passer les hautes fréquences et qui atténue les basses fréquences, c'est-à-dire les fréquences inférieures à la fréquence de coupure. Il pourrait également être appelé filtre coupe-bas. Le filtre passe-haut est l'inverse du filtre passe-bas et ces deux filtres combinés forment un filtre passe-bande.
Filtre passe-bandeUn filtre passe-bande est un filtre ne laissant passer qu’une bande ou intervalle de fréquences compris entre une fréquence de coupure basse et une fréquence de coupure haute du filtre. Le concept de filtre passe-bande est une transformation mathématique appliquée à des données (un signal). L'implémentation d'un filtre passe-bande peut se faire numériquement ou avec des composants électroniques. Cette transformation a pour fonction d'atténuer les fréquences à l'extérieur de la bande passante, l'intervalle de fréquences compris entre les fréquences de coupure.
Gabor waveletGabor wavelets are wavelets invented by Dennis Gabor using complex functions constructed to serve as a basis for Fourier transforms in information theory applications. They are very similar to Morlet wavelets. They are also closely related to Gabor filters. The important property of the wavelet is that it minimizes the product of its standard deviations in the time and frequency domain. Put another way, the uncertainty in information carried by this wavelet is minimized.
All-pass filterAn all-pass filter is a signal processing filter that passes all frequencies equally in gain, but changes the phase relationship among various frequencies. Most types of filter reduce the amplitude (i.e. the magnitude) of the signal applied to it for some values of frequency, whereas the all-pass filter allows all frequencies through without changes in level. A common application in electronic music production is in the design of an effects unit known as a "phaser", where a number of all-pass filters are connected in sequence and the output mixed with the raw signal.
Filter designFilter design is the process of designing a signal processing filter that satisfies a set of requirements, some of which may be conflicting. The purpose is to find a realization of the filter that meets each of the requirements to a sufficient degree to make it useful. The filter design process can be described as an optimization problem where each requirement contributes to an error function that should be minimized. Certain parts of the design process can be automated, but normally an experienced electrical engineer is needed to get a good result.
Filtre en peigneUn filtre en peigne est utilisé en traitement du signal pour ajouter une version retardée du signal à lui-même, provoquant des interférences destructives ou constructives. La réponse en fréquence du filtre se présente sous la forme d'une série de pics régulièrement espacés, d'où le nom de « filtre en peigne ». Le facteur de qualité équivalent (la pente du filtre) est extrêmement important. Les filtres en peigne existent sous deux formes utilisant soit l'anticipation soit la rétroaction, en fonction de la direction du signal ajouté au signal original.
Downsampling (signal processing)In digital signal processing, downsampling, compression, and decimation are terms associated with the process of resampling in a multi-rate digital signal processing system. Both downsampling and decimation can be synonymous with compression, or they can describe an entire process of bandwidth reduction (filtering) and sample-rate reduction. When the process is performed on a sequence of samples of a signal or a continuous function, it produces an approximation of the sequence that would have been obtained by sampling the signal at a lower rate (or density, as in the case of a photograph).
Filtre de TchebychevLes filtres de Tchebychev sont un type de filtre caractérisé par l'acceptation d'une ondulation, ou bien en bande passante ou bien en bande atténuée. Dans le premier cas, on parle de filtres de Tchebychev de type 1 ou directs, dans le second, de filtres de Tchebychev de type 2 ou inverses. Les filtres qui présentent une ondulation à la fois en bande passante et en bande atténuée sont appelés filtres elliptiques.
Morlet waveletIn mathematics, the Morlet wavelet (or Gabor wavelet) is a wavelet composed of a complex exponential (carrier) multiplied by a Gaussian window (envelope). This wavelet is closely related to human perception, both hearing and vision. Wavelet#History In 1946, physicist Dennis Gabor, applying ideas from quantum physics, introduced the use of Gaussian-windowed sinusoids for time-frequency decomposition, which he referred to as atoms, and which provide the best trade-off between spatial and frequency resolution.
Asymptotic analysisIn mathematical analysis, asymptotic analysis, also known as asymptotics, is a method of describing limiting behavior. As an illustration, suppose that we are interested in the properties of a function f (n) as n becomes very large. If f(n) = n2 + 3n, then as n becomes very large, the term 3n becomes insignificant compared to n2. The function f(n) is said to be "asymptotically equivalent to n2, as n → ∞". This is often written symbolically as f (n) ~ n2, which is read as "f(n) is asymptotic to n2".
