Peculiar velocityPeculiar motion or peculiar velocity refers to the velocity of an object relative to a rest frame — usually a frame in which the average velocity of some objects is zero. In galactic astronomy, peculiar motion refers to the motion of an object (usually a star) relative to a Galactic rest frame. Local objects are commonly examined as to their vectors of position angle and radial velocity. These can be combined through vector addition to state the object's motion relative to the Sun.
Linear least squaresLinear least squares (LLS) is the least squares approximation of linear functions to data. It is a set of formulations for solving statistical problems involved in linear regression, including variants for ordinary (unweighted), weighted, and generalized (correlated) residuals. Numerical methods for linear least squares include inverting the matrix of the normal equations and orthogonal decomposition methods. The three main linear least squares formulations are: Ordinary least squares (OLS) is the most common estimator.
Moyen mouvementEn mécanique céleste, le moyen mouvement est la vitesse angulaire moyenne d'un objet céleste effectuant une révolution complète sur une orbite elliptique de demi-grand axe donné. Le moyen mouvement est la pulsation du mouvement uniforme circulaire, de rayon a, d'un point fictif qui aurait la même période qu'un point en mouvement képlérien sur une orbite elliptique de demi-grand axe a. Le moyen mouvement est couramment noté , symbole littéral correspondant à la lettre n minuscule de l'alphabet latin.
Recessional velocityRecessional velocity is the rate at which an extragalactic astronomical object recedes (becomes more distant) from an observer as a result of the expansion of the universe. It can be measured by observing the wavelength shifts of spectral lines emitted by the object, known as the object's cosmological redshift. Hubble's law is the relationship between a galaxy's distance and its recessional velocity, which is approximately linear for galaxies at distances of up to a few hundred megaparsecs.
