Paradigm shiftA paradigm shift is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a . It is a concept in the philosophy of science that was introduced and brought into the common lexicon by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn. Even though Kuhn restricted the use of the term to the natural sciences, the concept of a paradigm shift has also been used in numerous non-scientific contexts to describe a profound change in a fundamental model or perception of events.
Zero-carbon cityA zero-carbon city is a goal of city planners that can be variously defined. In a narrower sense of energy production and use, a zero-carbon city is one that generates as much or more carbon-free sustainable energy as it uses. In a broader sense of managing greenhouse gas emissions, a zero-carbon city is one that reduces its carbon footprint to a minimum (ideally 0 or negative) by using renewable energy sources; reducing all types of carbon emissions through efficient urban design, technology use and lifestyle changes; and balancing any remaining emissions through carbon sequestration.
Territoires des États-UnisLes États-Unis disposent de plusieurs territoires situés dans les Antilles et l'océan Pacifique. Ces territoires sont des entités géographiques et politiques qui ne dépendent d'aucun des cinquante États.
Territoire britannique d'outre-mervignette|300x300px|Drapeaux des territoires britanniques d'outre-mer, Parliament Square, Westminster. Un territoire britannique d'outre-mer (British Overseas Territory) est l'un des quatorze territoires britanniques en dehors des îles Britanniques. Les territoires britanniques d'outre-mer sont administrés individuellement et chacun est constitutionnellement distinct des autres et du Royaume-Uni proprement dit (c'est-à-dire la Grande-Bretagne et l'Irlande du Nord). Tous les territoires sont sous pleine souveraineté britannique.
Energy lawEnergy laws govern the use and taxation of energy, both renewable and non-renewable. These laws are the primary authorities (such as caselaw, statutes, rules, regulations and edicts) related to energy. In contrast, energy policy refers to the policy and politics of energy. Energy law includes the legal provision for oil, gasoline, and "extraction taxes." The practice of energy law includes contracts for siting, extraction, licenses for the acquisition and ownership rights in oil and gas both under the soil before discovery and after its capture, and adjudication regarding those rights.
