Selective progesterone receptor modulatorA selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) is an agent that acts on the progesterone receptor (PR), the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. A characteristic that distinguishes such substances from full receptor agonists (e.g., progesterone, progestins) and full antagonists (e.g., aglepristone) is that their action differs in different tissues, i.e. agonist in some tissues while antagonist in others.
Extrémité N-terminaleL'extrémité N-terminale (ou terminaison amine, terminaison aminée, terminaison N ou terminaison NH2) réfère à l’extrémité d'une protéine ou d'un polypeptide se terminant par un acide aminé avec une fonction amine libre (-NH2). La convention d'écriture pour des séquences peptidiques place la terminaison amine à gauche, la séquence étant alors écrite de la terminaison N à la terminaison carboxyle. La traduction de l'ARN messager en protéine s'effectue de la terminaison N à la terminaison C.
Phosphate de pyridoxalLe phosphate de pyridoxal (PLP) est une coenzyme dérivée d'une vitamine, la pyridoxine (vitamine ). C'est un groupement prosthétique. Il intervient dans le métabolisme en permettant entre autres la transamination ou la décarboxylation des acides aminés. Son site actif est la fonction aldéhyde sur l'atome de carbone 4. C'est une coenzyme des aminotransférases et des décarboxylases. La réaction de l'ALAT (alanine aminotransférase ou Glutamate pyruvate transaminase) est la suivante, montrant le rôle du coenzyme.
Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulatorSelective glucocorticoid receptor modulators (SEGRMs) and selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists (SEGRAs) formerly known as dissociated glucocorticoid receptor agonists (DIGRAs) are a class of experimental drugs designed to share many of the desirable anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, or anticancer properties of classical glucocorticoid drugs but with fewer side effects such as skin atrophy. Although preclinical evidence on SEGRAMs’ anti-inflammatory effects are culminating, currently, the efficacy of these SEGRAMs on cancer are largely unknown.
GABA receptorThe GABA receptors are a class of receptors that respond to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the chief inhibitory compound in the mature vertebrate central nervous system. There are two classes of GABA receptors: GABAA and GABAB. GABAA receptors are ligand-gated ion channels (also known as ionotropic receptors); whereas GABAB receptors are G protein-coupled receptors, also called metabotropic receptors.
Cellule deltaDelta cells (δ-cells or D cells) are somatostatin-producing cells. They can be found in the stomach, intestine and the pancreatic islets. Delta cells comprise ca 5% of the cells in the islets but may interact with many more islet cells than suggested by their low numbers. In rodents, delta-cells are located in the periphery of the islets; in humans the islet architecture is generally less organized and delta-cells are frequently observed inside the islets as well.
Selective estrogen receptor modulatorSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), also known as estrogen receptor agonist/antagonists (ERAAs), are a class of drugs that act on the estrogen receptor (ER). A characteristic that distinguishes these substances from pure ER agonists and antagonists (that is, full agonists and silent antagonists) is that their action is different in various tissues, thereby granting the possibility to selectively inhibit or stimulate estrogen-like action in various tissues.
Pinocytosevignette|293x293px|Mécanisme de l'endocytose dépendante de la clathrine. La pinocytose (pino- (du gr. πίνω « boire »), de cyte (cellule) et du suffixe « -ose », indiquant la destruction ou la mort) est un type d'endocytose permettant la capture de micromolécules et de solutés dans de petites vésicules redirigées vers les lysosomes en vue de leur assimilation. C'est un processus notamment fréquent chez les organismes filtreurs (éponges, moules ou encore microorganismes aquatiques ciliés...).
Bicouche lipidiqueupright=1.33|vignette|Représentation d'une bicouche lipidique constituée de phosphoglycérides. Une bicouche lipidique, ou double couche lipidique, est une fine membrane polaire constituée de deux feuillets de molécules de lipides. Ces membranes forment une barrière continue autour des cellules et sont un élément essentiel assurant leur homéostasie, en régulant la diffusion des ions et des molécules à travers elle.
Noyau supraoptiqueThe supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain. The nucleus is situated at the base of the brain, adjacent to the optic chiasm. In humans, the SON contains about 3,000 neurons. The cell bodies produce the peptide hormone vasopressin, which is also known as anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), and the peptide hormone oxytocin. Both of these peptides are released from the posterior pituitary.
