Elective genetic and genomic testingElective genetic and genomic testing are DNA tests performed for an individual who does not have an indication for testing. An elective genetic test analyzes selected sites in the human genome while an elective genomic test analyzes the entire human genome. Some elective genetic and genomic tests require a physician to order the test to ensure that individuals understand the risks and benefits of testing as well as the results. Other DNA-based tests, such as a genealogical DNA test do not require a physician's order.
Distance (géographie)La distance en géographie peut être entendue comme la longueur de l'intervalle ou du trajet séparant deux ou plusieurs lieux. La distance est la marque d'une séparation, son franchissement nécessite obligatoirement une dépense énergétique. Les formules contenues dans cet article permettent de calculer les distances entre des points qui sont définis par leurs coordonnées géographiques à l'aide de la notion de latitude et de longitude. Calculer la distance entre deux coordonnées géographiques nécessite un certain degré d'abstraction.
Gestion cynégétiqueLa gestion cynégétique, qui est une partie de la gestion de faune sauvage, regroupe les actions, plus ou moins coordonnées, de la part ou pour le compte des chasseurs, d'une partie des espèces sauvages d'un territoire. Elle concerne souvent le grand gibier, le petit gibier et le gibier d'eau. Elle comporte par exemple : l'aménagement du territoire pour favoriser une espèce (par exemple, la restauration de mares, de clairières, de boisements, haies...
Open-source appropriate technologyOpen-source appropriate technology (OSAT) is appropriate technology developed through the principles of the open-design movement. Appropriate technology is technology designed with special consideration to the environmental, ethical, cultural, social, political, and economic aspects of the community it is intended for. Open design is public and licensed to allow it to be used, modified and distributed freely. Open source is a development method for appropriate technology that utilizes distributed peer review and transparency of process.
Cryoconservation of animal genetic resourcesCryoconservation of animal genetic resources is a strategy wherein samples of animal genetic materials are preserved cryogenically. Animal genetic resources, as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, are "those animal species that are used, or may be used, for the production of food and agriculture, and the populations within each of them. These populations within each species can be classified as wild and feral populations, landraces and primary populations, standardised breeds, selected lines, varieties, strains and any conserved genetic material; all of which are currently categorized as Breeds.
Animal genetic resources for food and agricultureAnimal genetic resources for food and agriculture (AnGR), also known as farm animal genetic resources or livestock biodiversity, are genetic resources (i.e., genetic material of actual or potential value) of avian and mammalian species, which are used for food and agriculture purposes. AnGR is a subset of and a specific element of agricultural biodiversity. AnGR could be embodied in live populations or in conserved genetic materials such as cryoconserved semen or embryos.
Friction of distanceFriction of distance is a core principle of Geography that states that movement incurs some form of cost, in the form of physical effort, energy, time, and/or the expenditure of other resources, and that these costs are proportional to the distance traveled. This cost is thus a resistance against movement, analogous (but not directly related) to the effect of friction against movement in classical mechanics.
PanmixieLa panmixie, en génétique des populations, est le principe qui considère que les individus sont répartis de manière homogène au sein de la population et se reproduisent tous aléatoirement. Du grec pan-, tout, ensemble, et -mixie, mélange. En d'autres termes, on considère qu'il n'y a aucune sélection pré-zygotique, les gamètes de tous les individus de la génération considérée étant poolés. La formation de la génération suivante est donc le produit d'un tirage aléatoire dans ce pool gamétique.
Soviet space programThe Soviet space program (Kosmicheskaya programma SSSR) was the national space program of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), active from 1955 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Soviet investigations in rocketry began with the formation of a research laboratory in 1921, but these efforts were hampered by the devastating war with Germany.
