Circle groupIn mathematics, the circle group, denoted by or , is the multiplicative group of all complex numbers with absolute value 1, that is, the unit circle in the complex plane or simply the unit complex numbers The circle group forms a subgroup of , the multiplicative group of all nonzero complex numbers. Since is abelian, it follows that is as well. A unit complex number in the circle group represents a rotation of the complex plane about the origin and can be parametrized by the angle measure : This is the exponential map for the circle group.
Iterative deepening depth-first searchIn computer science, iterative deepening search or more specifically iterative deepening depth-first search (IDS or IDDFS) is a state space/graph search strategy in which a depth-limited version of depth-first search is run repeatedly with increasing depth limits until the goal is found. IDDFS is optimal like breadth-first search, but uses much less memory; at each iteration, it visits the nodes in the search tree in the same order as depth-first search, but the cumulative order in which nodes are first visited is effectively breadth-first.
Sigma additivitévignette|Illustration de la sigma additivité La sigma additivité, appelé aussi additivité dénombrable, est un concept en théorie de la mesure. Soit un ensemble et un ensemble de parties de . On dit que l'application μ est σ-additive sur lorsqu'elle vérifie la propriété suivante : si E1, E2, ... est une suite d'éléments de , si ces parties de sont deux à deux disjointes et si leur réunion E est aussi un élément de , alors la valeur μ(E) de μ sur cette réunion E est égale à la somme des valeurs de μ sur les parties Ek : Il s'agit d'une version plus forte de l'additivité simple.
Unit sphereIn mathematics, a unit sphere is simply a sphere of radius one around a given center. More generally, it is the set of points of distance 1 from a fixed central point, where different norms can be used as general notions of "distance". A unit ball is the closed set of points of distance less than or equal to 1 from a fixed central point. Usually the center is at the origin of the space, so one speaks of "the unit ball" or "the unit sphere". Special cases are the unit circle and the unit disk.
