L-Lactate protects neurons against excitotoxicity: implication of an ATP-mediated signaling cascade
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The identification of phosphorylation sites in proteins provides a powerful tool to study signal transduction pathways and to establish interaction networks involving signaling elements. Using different strategies to identify phosphorylated residues, we re ...
Despite striking advances in functional brain imaging, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the signals detected by these techniques are still largely unknown. The basic physiological principle of functional imaging is represented by the tig ...
RIP1 and its homologs, RIP2 and RIP3, form part of a family of Ser/Thr kinases that regulate signal transduction processes leading to NF-kappa B activation. Here, we identify RIP4 (DIK/PKK) as a novel member of the RIP kinase family. RIP4 contains an N-ter ...
Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) markedly stimulate glucose utilization in primary cultures of mouse cortical astrocytes. The mechanism that gives rise to this effect, which takes place several hours after applicat ...
Spatial compartmentalisation is a prerequisite for the creation of living matter. Without the existence of clearly defined borders, differentiation and diversity at the cellular level would not be possible. Most scientific disciplines that deal with dissol ...
Glutamate-evoked Na+ increase in astrocytes has been identified as a signal coupling synaptic activity to glucose consumption. Astrocytes participate in multicellular signaling by transmitting intercellular Ca2+ waves. Here we show that intercellular Na+ w ...
Previous reports have demonstrated that glutamate stimulates c-fos mRNA expression in primary cultures of mouse cerebral cortical neurons. We show here that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) induces c-fos mRNA expression; however, this effect of VIP is c ...