Coefficient de performanceLe coefficient de performance, ou COP (parfois CP), d'une pompe à chaleur est le quotient de la chaleur produite par le travail fourni. Le COP est défini par la relation suivante : où Q est la chaleur utile à l'échangeur et W est le travail mécanique absorbé par le compresseur. Chaleur et travail étant des énergies, exprimées en joules, le COP est sans unité. Le COP est ainsi une efficacité énergétique, dans laquelle le système étudié se situe à la sortie du moteur du compresseur (source chaude) : seule l'efficacité du circuit frigorifique est prise en compte.
Cost of electricity by sourceDifferent methods of electricity generation can incur a variety of different costs, which can be divided into three general categories: 1) wholesale costs, or all costs paid by utilities associated with acquiring and distributing electricity to consumers, 2) retail costs paid by consumers, and 3) external costs, or externalities, imposed on society. Wholesale costs include initial capital, operations & maintenance (O&M), transmission, and costs of decommissioning.
Electric power industryThe electric power industry covers the generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electric power to the general public and industry. The commodity sold is actually energy, not power, e.g. consumers pay for kilowatt-hours, power multiplied by time, which is energy. The commercial distribution of electricity started in 1882 when electricity was produced for electric lighting. In the 1880s and 1890s, growing economic and safety concerns lead to the regulation of the industry.
Seasonal energy efficiency ratioIn the United States, the efficiency of air conditioners is often rated by the seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) which is defined by the Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute, a trade association, in its 2008 standard AHRI 210/240, Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment. A similar standard is the European seasonal energy efficiency ratio (ESEER). The SEER rating of a unit is the cooling output during a typical cooling-season divided by the total electric energy input during the same period.
Compagnie (entreprise)Une compagnie est une forme d'organisation d'entreprise. En droit canadien et québécois, le mot compagnie est synonyme de société par actions. Cependant, pour adopter une terminologie plus rigoureuse et afin de moderniser sa législation en matières de sociétés, le législateur québécois a abrogé la majeure partie de la Loi sur les compagnies et a adopté la Loi sur les sociétés par actions. C'est une association ou un groupement de personnes individuelles réelles et/ou d'autres sociétés, qui fournissent chacun une certaine forme de capital.
Energy policy of the United KingdomThe energy policy of the United Kingdom refers to the United Kingdom's efforts towards reducing energy intensity, reducing energy poverty, and maintaining energy supply reliability. The United Kingdom has had success in this, though energy intensity remains high. There is an ambitious goal to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in future years, but it is unclear whether the programmes in place are sufficient to achieve this objective.
Energy systemAn energy system is a system primarily designed to supply energy-services to end-users. The intent behind energy systems is to minimise energy losses to a negligible level, as well as to ensure the efficient use of energy. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report defines an energy system as "all components related to the production, conversion, delivery, and use of energy". The first two definitions allow for demand-side measures, including daylighting, retrofitted building insulation, and passive solar building design, as well as socio-economic factors, such as aspects of energy demand management and remote work, while the third does not.
HoldingUn groupe, une holding ou société faîtière en Suisse, également appelée société de portefeuille au Canada et en Belgique, est une société ayant pour vocation de regrouper des participations dans diverses sociétés et d'en assurer l'unité de direction. La création d’un groupe (ou holding en anglais) permet aux majoritaires d’accroître leur pouvoir dans les affaires gérées. Via des participations financières, le groupe (la holding) gère et contrôle des sociétés ayant des intérêts communs.
