Publication
Transposable Elements, Polydactyl Proteins, and the Genesis of Human-Specific Transcription Networks
Concepts associés (35)
Lac repressor
The lac repressor (LacI) is a DNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of genes coding for proteins involved in the metabolism of lactose in bacteria. These genes are repressed when lactose is not available to the cell, ensuring that the bacterium only invests energy in the production of machinery necessary for uptake and utilization of lactose when lactose is present. When lactose becomes available, it is firstly converted into allolactose by β-Galactosidase (lacZ) in bacteria.
Biologie de l'évolution
Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes (natural selection, common descent, speciation) that produced the diversity of life on Earth. It is also defined as the study of the history of life forms on Earth. Evolution holds that all species are related and gradually change over generations. In a population, the genetic variations affect the phenotypes (physical characteristics) of an organism. These changes in the phenotypes will be an advantage to some organisms, which will then be passed onto their offspring.
Pathogenomics
Pathogenomics is a field which uses high-throughput screening technology and bioinformatics to study encoded microbe resistance, as well as virulence factors (VFs), which enable a microorganism to infect a host and possibly cause disease. This includes studying genomes of pathogens which cannot be cultured outside of a host. In the past, researchers and medical professionals found it difficult to study and understand pathogenic traits of infectious organisms.
Embryologie
vignette|Embryon de souris âgé de 10 jours. L'embryologie est une discipline scientifique qui englobe la description morphologique des transformations de l'œuf fécondé, le zygote, en organisme (embryologie morphologique) et l'étude de leur déterminisme (embryologie causale). « L'embryologie causale » est plus couramment désignée, depuis les années 1990 et l'avènement de la génétique moléculaire, par le terme de « biologie du développement » qui inclut aussi l'étude du développement post-embryonnaire.
Pression de sélection
vignette| Différents modes de sélection naturelle selon la pression sélective exercée par les conditions environnementales. Au cours de l'évolution des stratégies de prédation, une pression évolutive (ici le repérage visuel par la proie de la coloration de la fourrure du loup) oriente la sélection naturelle en faveur des adaptations (ici le camouflage du loup en fonction du milieu) qui permettent de favoriser la prédation, laquelle à son tour exerce une pression de sélection en faveur de différents types de défenses anti-prédation.