Pays les moins avancésvignette|400px| Les pays les moins avancés (PMA) sont une catégorie de pays créée en 1971 par l'Organisation des Nations unies (ONU), regroupant les pays socio-économiquement les moins développés de la planète. Au , 46 pays appartiennent à cette catégorie ; la plupart d'entre eux se situent en Afrique.
Student-centered learningStudent-centered learning, also known as learner-centered education, broadly encompasses methods of teaching that shift the focus of instruction from the teacher to the student. In original usage, student-centered learning aims to develop learner autonomy and independence by putting responsibility for the learning path in the hands of students by imparting to them skills, and the basis on how to learn a specific subject and schemata required to measure up to the specific performance requirement.
International non-governmental organizationAn international non-governmental organization (INGO) is an organization which is independent of government involvement and extends the concept of a non-governmental organization (NGO) to an international scope. NGOs are independent of governments and can be seen as two types: advocacy NGOs, which aim to influence governments with a specific goal, and operational NGOs, which provide services. Examples of NGO mandates are environmental preservation, human rights promotions or the advancement of women.
Formation professionnelleLa formation professionnelle est le processus d'apprentissage qui permet à un salarié ou un demandeur d'emploi d'acquérir le savoir, le savoir-faire et le savoir-être (capacité et aptitude) nécessaires à l'exercice d'un métier ou d'une activité professionnelle. La formation professionnelle s’apparente beaucoup à la formation continue mais elle est bien distincte de cette dernière. En effet, elle vise à gagner de nouvelles compétences nécessaires à une évolution ou à un changement de métier.
Experiential educationExperiential education is a philosophy of education that describes the process that occurs between a teacher and student that infuses direct experience with the learning environment and content. The term is not interchangeable with experiential learning; however experiential learning is a sub-field and operates under the methodologies of experiential education.
Zonage (urbanisme)vignette|Application du système de zonage sur la ville de Tarnowskie Góry en Silésie au Sud de la Pologne Le zonage est un outil de règlementation et de contrôle de l'utilisation du sol. Le mot est dérivé de la pratique de diviser le territoire municipal en zones et d'attribuer à chacun des usages permis. La pratique du zonage est issue du constat que la cohabitation harmonieuse sur un territoire des usages résidentiels, commerciaux et industriels exige une ségrégation plus ou moins prononcée entre eux, ce qui entraîne qu'on leur alloue une ou plusieurs zones exclusives ou mixtes.
Urban informaticsUrban informatics refers to the study of people creating, applying and using information and communication technology and data in the context of cities and urban environments. It sits at the conjunction of urban science, geomatics, and informatics, with an ultimate goal of creating more smart and sustainable cities. Various definitions are available, some provided in the Definitions section. Although first mentions of the term date back as early as 1987, urban informatics did not emerge as a notable field of research and practice until 2006 (see History section).
Community developmentThe United Nations defines community development as "a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems." It is a broad concept, applied to the practices of civic leaders, activists, involved citizens, and professionals to improve various aspects of communities, typically aiming to build stronger and more resilient local communities.
